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*🛡️Art & culture (Painting)* Vatsayana in his book Kamasutra enumerated about six limbs or shadanga of paintings. *💎Short trick :* "Ru.PraBha" posted as an IAS officer in the city "Lavasa" ♟️Ru : Rupabheda ♟️Pra : Pramanam ♟️Bha : Bhava ♟️La : Lavanya yojanam ♟️Va : Varnikabhanga ♟️Sa : Sadrisyam

*🛡️Francisco De Almeida* ♟️In 1505, the King of Portugal appointed a governor in India for a three-year term and equipped the incumbent with sufficient force to protect the Portuguese interests. ♟️Francisco De Almeida, the newly appointed governor, was asked to consolidate the position of the Portuguese in India. ♟️Almeida’s vision was to make the Portuguese the master of the Indian Ocean. His policy was known as the ‘Blue Water Policy’ i.e. to be powerful at sea instead of building fortresses on land.

*🛡️The Bahmani Kingdom (1347-1527 A.D.)* ♟️The Bahmani Sultanate was a Persianised Muslim state of the Deccan in South India and one of the major medieval Indian kingdoms. ♟️Ala-ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah (also known as Zafar Khan) was the founder of the Bahmani Kingdom. *💎Rulers of the Bahmani Kingdom* ♟️Muhammad Shah-I (1358-1375.A.D.) ♟️Muhammad Shah-ll (1378-1397.A.D.) ♟️Feroz Shah Bahmani (1397-1422 A.D.) ♟️Ahmad Shah (1422-1436 A.D.) ♟️Muhammad Shah-lll (1463-1482 A.D.) *💎The Five Kingdoms* ♟️Muhammad Shah-III died in 1482 ♟️His successors were weak and the Bahmani Kingdom disintegrated into five kingdoms namely: 1. Bijapur 2. Ahmednagar 3. Bera 4. Golconda 5. Bidar *💎Administration* ♟️The Sultans followed a Feudal type of administration. ♟️Tarafs – The kingdom was divided into many provinces called Tarafs ♟️Tarafdar or Amir – Governor who controlled the Taraf. *💎Art and Architecture* ♟️Numerous mosques, madrassas and libraries were built. ♟️The Juma Masjid at Gulbarga The Golconda Fort ♟️The Golgumbaz at Bijapur ♟️The Madrasas of Muhammad Gawan *💎Decline of Bahmani Kingdom* ♟️There was a constant war between the Bahmani and Vijayanagar rulers. ♟️Inefficient and weak successors after Muhammad Shah III. ♟️The rivalry between the Bahmani rulers and foreign nobles.

*🛡️Eight Fold Path of Buddhism* *💎Trick - EVIL SCAM* *♟️E - Right Effort* *♟️V - Right View* *♟️I - Right Intention* *♟️L - Right Livelihood* *♟️S - Right Speech* *♟️C - Right Concentration* *♟️A - Right Action* *♟️M - Right Mindfulness* > *Hit 👍🏻❤️👌🏻 to Appreciate our Consistent Efforts*

𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 300+ 𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐍 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐀𝐈𝐍𝐒 2025 𝐀𝐒𝐏𝐈𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐒. ✍️ Guidance by a Topper in 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 optional. 📄 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐓𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐞𝐭 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞 (290) 𝐌𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 2024 (Our Student): https://crackingias.com/rajasir/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/290-Sociology-Topper-Mains-2024-Raja-Sirs-Cracking-IAS.pdf 📢 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐮𝐬 – 𝟗𝟖𝟖𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟒𝟔𝟓𝟒. 👍Best wishes. Raja Sir's Cracking IAS Academy. CrackingIAS.com. 📢 Join our Telegram Channel: https://t.me/Rajasircrackingiasacademy


*🛡️Veer Savarkar* ♟️He was born in 1883 near Nasik in Maharashtra. ♟️He was the first to acknowledge the mutiny of 1857 as the first struggle for Independence and wrote the book 'The History of the War of Indian Independence'. ♟️He was a passionate promoter of Hindutva since childhood. ♟️He was sentenced to 50 years in the cellular jail of Andamans, also known as Kala Pani, for revolting against the Morley-Minto reforms (Indian Councils Act 1909) in 1911. ♟️After his release from jail, he worked on the abolishment of untouchability in Ratnagiri. ♟️Serving as the president of the Hindu Mahasabha political party, he opposed the Quit India movement in 1942. ♟️He founded the organizations Abhinav Bharat Society and Free India Society. ♟️He was a critic of the Indian National Congress and its acceptance of India's partition. ♟️He was also a critic of Mahatma Gandhi and called him a 'hypocrite'. In 1948, he was charged as a co-conspirator in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.

*🛡️Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833)* ♟️Father of Indian Renaissance. ♟️Maker of Modern India. ♟️Believed in scientific temper, human dignity, monotheism, and Upanishads. ♟️Opposed idolatry and meaningless rituals. ♟️Books: Gift to Monotheism (1809) + Percepts of Jesus (1820). ♟️Translated Vedas and Upanishads into Bengali. ♟️Atmiya Sabha (Society of Friends) in Calcutta in 1814. ♟️Started Brahmo Samaj (1828) [ formerly called as Brahmo Sabha] ♟️Established Vedanta College (1825). ♟️Supported the revolutions of Naples and Spanish America. ♟️Supported David Hare in establishing Hindu College (1817). ♟️Crusader against Sati. ♟️Efforts resulted in Government Regulation against Sati in 1829. *Hit 👍❤️👌to Appreciate our Consistent Efforts*

Geography: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb68ftVJ93wUy1ZoXz2g History: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb5sbOy0G0XiyxWaNe0h Polity: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAZTc30wajwTEStVC1s Ethics: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6Wx8wBA1f3AWJDjq1k Essay: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6VDX8FSAt8h3fqKJ2O Art and Culture: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb5fCaS2phHJqTvikJ2H International Relations: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6YJ0RHltYF8fsIpQ3t Environment & Ecology: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbBG812GehENd8kXeI2o Science & Technology: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAsiwl9sBI0dYtud42d ECONOMICS: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbBS71AAjPXUMeEEHu3A Indian Constitution: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbB13w9Fy72GmQPA1023

*🛡️Indian Social Conference* ♟️Founded by MG Ranade and Raghunath rao ♟️The Indian social conference met annually from its first session in Madras in 1887 at the same time and venue of the Indian National Congress ♟️It focus attention on the social issues of importance it could be called the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress ,in fact. ♟️The conference advocated inter caste marriage opposed polygamy, and kulinism ♟️It launched the pledge movement to inspire people to take a pledge against child marriage.

*🛡️Champaran Movement (1917-18)* The peasantry on the indigo plantations in the Champaran district of Bihar was excessively oppressed by the European planters and compelled to grow indigo on at least 3/20th of their land and sell it at prices fixed by the planters. In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi reached Champaran and defied the orders of district officials for leaving Champaran.