UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/26/2025, 4:35:49 PM

*📌 Vidhan Parishad (State legislative council)* *_🔏 Trick – “TU B MJA KAR”_* *• T -* Telengana *• U -* Uttar pradesh *• B -* Bihar *• M -* Maharashtra *• J -* Jammu and Kashmir *• A -* Andhra Pradesh *• KAR -* Karnataka *📌 West Flowing Rivers* *_🔏 Trick – “Namaste London”_* *• Na -* Narmada *• Ma -* Mahi *• S -* Sabarmati *• Te -* Tapti *• London -* Looney > *_Hit 👍🏻❤️👌🏻 To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts_*

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/18/2025, 3:03:30 AM

*_📌 Important seas of Eurasia in Anticlockwise Direction_* *🔏 Trick - MR. PC Bannerji of Bengal* *• M -* Mediterranean Sea *• R -* Red Sea *• P -* Persian Gulf *• C -* Caspian Sea *• B -* Black Sea *• B -* Baltic Sea *_📍 Countries Bordering Mediterranean Sea_* *🔏 Asian Part* *✅ Trick - SILCy* *• S -* Syria *• I -* Israel *• L -* Lebanon *• Cy -* Cyprus *_🔏 African Part_* *✅ Trick - TAMEL* *• T -* Tunisia *• A -* Algeria *• M -* Morocco *• E -* Egypt *• L -* Libya > *_Hit 👍🏻❤️ To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts_*

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/10/2025, 8:21:30 PM

*⏰ Prelims(104 Days to Go)* *🌍 Countries Along the Tropics & Equator with Mnemonics 🌍* *♦️ Tropic of Cancer (16 Countries)* *_📝 Mnemonic:_“ESTONIA WC plays BBL in MMMMU”* 🌎 Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Oman, Niger, India, Algeria, Western Sahara, China, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Libya, Mali, Myanmar, Mexico, Mauritania, UAE. *🔸 Tropic of Capricorn (10 Countries)* *_📝 Mnemonic:_“CAB PNB Se Mumbai Aai”* 🌎 Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Australia. *🔸 Equator (13 Countries)* *_📝 Mnemonic:_ “ECB SaoTomo GCC UKS MIKi”* 🌎 Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, São Tomé & Príncipe, Gabon, Republic of Congo, DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia, Kiribati. > *_Hit 👍🏻❤️ To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts_*

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/10/2025, 8:07:18 PM

*_⛱️ Planets revolving around the Sun_* > *✅ Trick - My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles (closest to farthest)* *• My -* Mercury *• Very -* Venus *• Educated -* Earth *• Mother -* Mars *• Just -* Jupiter *• Served -* Saturn *• Us -* Uranus *• Noodles -* Neptune *_🏔️ Important Fold Mountains_* > *✅ Trick - U ARe A Himalaya* *• U -* Ural Mountain *• A -* Alps Mountain *• R -* Rocky Mountain *• A -* Andes Mountain *• H -* Himalaya *_✨ Horn of Africa_* > *✅ Trick - SEED* *• S -* Somalia *• E -* Ethiopia *• E -* Eritrea *• D -* Djibouti *_⏰ Prime Meridian Countries through which the Prime Meridian Passes_* > *✅ Trick - Binod GoT FAMoUS* *• B -* Burkina Faso *• G -* Ghana *• T -* Togo *• F -* France *• A -* Algeria *• M -* Mali *• U -* U.K. *• S -* Spain *_Hit 👍🏻❤️ To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts_*

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/9/2025, 3:47:39 AM

*🔆 Supreme Court Excludes Lawyers from Consumer Protection Act (CPA)* *📍 Context* ✅ The Supreme Court ruled that advocates cannot be sued under the CPA for service deficiencies, stating their services fall under a "contract of personal service". *📍 Key Points* *✅ Section 2(O) of CPA:* Defines services for consumers, excluding those rendered for free or under personal service contracts. *✅ Section 2(42) of CPA 2019:* Advocates’ services are categorized as "personal service contracts", exempting them from CPA coverage. *📍 Consumer Protection Act, 2019* *✅ Replacement of 1986 Act:* Came into effect on July 20, 2020. *✅ Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA):* Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution. *✅ Composition:* Chief Commissioner and two Commissioners handling goods and services cases. *📍 Significance of Ruling* ✅ Protects the specialized nature of legal services. ✅ Reinforces that advocate-client relationships are governed by professional standards rather than consumer laws.

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/8/2025, 4:11:10 AM

*⛱️ World Gold Council (WGC)* ✅ WGC is an international trade association for the gold industry formed in 1987 by some of the world’s most forward-thinking mining companies. *✅ Governance:* The World Gold Council is governed by the Board of Directors, composed of member company representatives (Chairperson or Chief Executive Officer) and the World Gold Council’s Chief Executive Officer.  *✅ Members:* The World Gold Council’s 32 Members. ✅ It is headquartered in London and has offices in India, China, Singapore, the UAE and the United States.

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/6/2025, 1:38:47 PM

*🔆 Member of Collective Security Treaty Organization(CSTO)* *✅ Tricks : KKR's BAT* *✅ K -* Kazakhstan *✅ K -* Kyrgyzstan *✅ R -* Russia *✅ B -* Belarus *✅ A -* Armenia *✅ T -* Tajikistan *_📌 Note : Always remember Turkmenistan is like Switzerland avoid any international group and follow positive neutrality._*

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/5/2025, 3:06:08 AM

*_📌 Measures to Strengthen the Rupee_* *💡 Mnemonic: "RESTORE" → Efforts to RESTORE the Rupee !!* > *⏲️ Monetary Policy Measures* *✅ R → Reserves Utilization –* RBI sells forex reserves to balance demand-supply *✅ E → Enhancing Interest Rates –* Raising repo rates attracts foreign investments. *✅ S → Swap Agreements –* Bilateral currency swaps reduce dollar dependency. > *⏲️ Fiscal Policy Measures* *✅ T → Tackling Import Dependency –* Boosting local production of essential imports. *✅ O → Optimizing Exports –* Incentives/subsidies to improve trade balance. *✅ R → Robust Infrastructure –* Lowering production costs enhances competitiveness. *✅ E → Encouraging Foreign Investments –* Policies to attract stable FDI *_Hit 👍🏻❤️ To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts_*

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/4/2025, 4:54:26 AM

*_📍 Ramsar Sites in Uttar Pradesh_* > *🔏 Trick- S4PUN* *• S1 -* Saman Bird Sanctuary *• S2 -* Samaspur Bird Sanctuary *• S3 -* Sandi Bird Sanctuary *• S4 -* Sarsai Nawar Jheel *• P -* Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary *• U -* Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch) *• N -* Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary *_📍 Ramsar Sites in Punjab_* > *🔏 Trick- Hari Ka Rup Keshav BaNa* *• Hari -* Harike Lake *• Ka -* Kanjli *• Rup -* Ropar *• Keshav -* Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve *• Ba -* Beas Conservation Reserve *• Na -* Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary *_📍 Ramsar Sites in Kerala_* > *🔏 Trick - VAS* *• V -* Vembanad-Kol Wetland *• A -* Ashtamudi Wetland *• S -* Sasthamkotta Lake *_📍 Ramsar Sites in Himachal Pradesh_* > *🔏 Trick - PCR van* *• P -* Pong Dam Lake *• C -* Chandertal Wetland *• R -* Renuka wetland > *_Hit 👍🏻❤️ To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts_*

UPSC IAS Notes Prelims Mains

2/3/2025, 3:13:41 PM

*🔆 International Labour Organization* *✅ It is an United Nations Agency established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, and it became the first specialized agency of the UN in 1946.* *✅ It has 187 Member states.* *✅ It sets labour standards, develops policies and devises programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.* *✅ It is the only tripartite U.N. agency that brings together governments, employers and workers.* *✅ It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.* *✅ Major Reports:* *✅ World Employment and Social Outlook (WESO),* *✅Global Wage Report,* *✅ World Social Protection Report,* *✅ World Employment and Social Outlook for Youth,* *✅ World of Work Report.* *#Organisation* *#pre_revision*