Science Feedback
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Sorting fact from fiction in viral claims made on scientific topics. science.feedback.org
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Posts
https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-wide-awake-medias-misleading-claims-wind-turbines-are-greener-than-fossil-fuels-by-multiple-measures/ You often see opponents of wind energy claim that wind turbines are CO2-intensive to build and that their blades produce a lot of waste at the end of their life. But these claims lack context. We need to compare them to their competition: fossil fuel power plants. Coal and gas power plants are far more CO2-intensive than wind turbines, no matter where in the world they’re built. On average, even when we account for the greenhouse gases from all parts of each power source’s life, *gas and coal emit 35 and 75 times more greenhouse gas than wind turbines* , respectively, to generate the same quantity of electricity. Building a fossil fuel power plant is less emissions-intensive than building an equivalent amount of wind turbines. But the simple fact that wind turbines (and solar panels) don’t burn greenhouse-gas-emitting fossil fuels to generate electricity means that coal and gas plants will emit significantly more greenhouse gas over their lifetime. Likewise, wind turbine blades do go to landfill after their lives – but across the globe, they create a small amount of waste compared to what fossil fuels produce. Extracting and transporting oil leaves behind toxic sludge, and coal-burning leaves behind ash that power plant operators must dispose of. It’s estimated that the world’s coal power plants produce more waste in a single year than its wind turbines will produce in 35 years.
https://science.feedback.org/review/viral-copypasta-posts-mislead-about-cancer-causes-promote-unproven-cancer-remedies/ Have you seen a post showing a list of recommendations for people with cancer paired with a picture of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.? Near-identical posts were recently viral on Facebook. They are 𝙘𝙤𝙥𝙮𝙥𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙖 posts—blocks of text copied and pasted by multiple users across social media. Such posts contained misinformation about cancer causes and treatment, including a list of unproven and disproven remedies such as “detox” baths, alkaline water, no-sugar diets, hydrogen peroxide, amygdalin (the so-called vitamin B17), vitamins, and antiparasitic drugs like ivermectin and fenbendazole. ❌ None of these alleged treatments have demonstrated benefits in people with cancer, and some of them can lead to serious or potentially fatal complications. 𝙘𝙤𝙥𝙮𝙥𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙖 tactics are frequently used to amplify the spread of misinformation, manipulate public opinion, or promote scams. They help misinformation spread and stay online longer, even if the original post is deleted, making it harder to trace its source.
https://science.feedback.org/review/some-evidence-that-wind-turbines-can-harm-eagles-but-more-are-killed-by-other-causes/ 🦅Do wind turbines kill eagles? The answer is complicated: wind turbines are a comparatively insignificant threat to birds in general, but evidence suggests that wind turbines do pose a greater risk to large birds like eagles. When we look at bird deaths overall, wind turbines account for far fewer fatalities than other causes like cats, cars, building windows, and fossil fuel power plants. But with large birds like eagles, the story may be different. Historically, wind turbines haven’t been a major killer of eagles – not compared to other human causes like shootings, electrocutions, and lead poisonings. But eagles are overrepresented in recorded bird deaths from wind turbines. There’s also some evidence that building more turbines does put more eagles at risk. So there are valid concerns about eagles – that’s why scientists are studying the risks and wind farms are taking measures to reduce collision. But many who claim that turbines “killing eagles” are often overstated or lack context, and some groups amplifying these claims have ties to anti-renewable energy efforts. And eagles are also put in danger by the effects of climate change, which will change where eagles live and what food they can eat. A large part of why we’re building wind turbines is to mitigate those very effects.
https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-measles-prevents-cancer-heart-disease-can-lead-long-term-health-problems-instead/ In the wake of a *measles outbreak in Texas* , some social media users are promoting *harmful misinformation* about the disease, alleging that measles provides long-term health benefits and implying that measles vaccination should be avoided. One such post by the account @the.holistic.mother, claimed that studies showed measles prevents cancer and heart disease. However, an examination of the evidence showed that these studies didn’t provide sufficient evidence for these claims. The studies relied on self-reporting questionnaires, which carry a high risk of bias and can lead to incorrect conclusions. The studies also only reported associations, but didn’t provide evidence to showing the associations were causal. 🔸Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus 🔸While most recover with no lasting effects, about three in ten people develop complications 🔸Complications include ear infection that can lead to hearing loss and encephalitis that can cause neurological damage 🔸Measles also causes “immune amnesia”, knocking out the immune system’s memory, making an individual more vulnerable to infections in general 🔸Measles vaccine is highly effective: 99% of people who receive two doses have lasting protection from disease
🐂 https://science.feedback.org/cattle-have-numerous-impacts-on-earths-climate-and-natural-environments-despite-misconceptions/ Did you know that there are approximately 1.5 billion cattle on Earth? That’s 1 for every 5 humans. Although this has allowed many people to enjoy beef and dairy products, it also emits massive amounts of planet-warming greenhouse gases and can lead to land *degradation, ecosystem impacts, and deforestation* . Don’t be misled by viral memes that try to belittle the negative impacts of cattle production. Scientists have proposed numerous ways to mitigate the impacts of cattle production – such as shifting the diets of both humans and cattle to reduce emissions. But without a public understanding of these issues, these solutions can be challenging to adopt.
https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-dont-cause-mercury-toxicity-mercury-compound-present-some-vaccines-different-from-seafood/ *Health misinformation often goes hand in hand with fraudulent products* — can you spot the red flags? 🔴 Claims of a miracle cure or "quick fix" 🔴 Promises to detox heavy metals, parasites, or vaccines. 🔴 Personal testimonials and success stories, instead of scientific evidence. A viral post on Threads claimed vaccines cause mercury toxicity, a long-debunked claim. The account that posted it, _@mommavspharma (Kaylee Marie/Kaylee Winfield/Kaylee Boynton)_ , has tens of thousands of followers and uses misleading health claims to promote unproven “detox” supplements, including parasite cleanses and heavy metal removers. In addition, reviews of the business raise concerns about payments made for products and services that were never delivered. At best, such products may be ineffective and cost you money. At worst, they can be downright dangerous or deter you from seeking proper medical treatment. *Remember:* * Unlike drugs, supplements and other “natural” products are not evaluated for safety and effectiveness, meaning they can’t claim to prevent or treat diseases. * “Natural” doesn’t mean safe or effective. These products can have side effects or dangerous interactions, just like drugs. Some may contain potentially harmful hidden ingredients. * Always search for the name of the product or the seller’s profile online, followed by words like “complaint,” “fraud,” or “scam” to uncover any potentially fraudulent activity.
https://science.feedback.org/will-solar-panels-overrun-farmland-the-two-are-more-likely-to-coexist/ 🥔🌾🌽 Will a transition to renewable energy result in solar panels sprawling across farmland, chopping off precious food supply? On the contrary, the data suggests that solar panels and agriculture can *peacefully coexist.* Solar panels don’t use up much land today. Across the U.S., solar panels account for a small fraction of the land that agriculture does, even when counting planned panels that aren’t on the grid yet. In the UK, present and future solar combined still take up less land than airports or golf courses do. And the data doesn’t show any notable impacts on food. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that, even in a future where 45% of U.S. electricity comes from solar power, solar panels will still take up only *0.5% of U.S. land* . In comparison, 43% of U.S. land today is arable. Although solar panel construction can damage the land if done irresponsibly, the panels themselves aren’t toxic. In fact, farmers can still use the land between and beneath the panels – both for growing crops and for grazing livestock. This practice is known as *agrivoltaics* . Although agrivoltaics is still quite rare today, studies have shown that many plants can benefit from the partial shade that solar panels bring.
🚩 Numerous epidemiological studies have found *no association* between vaccines and autism. Nevertheless, the false claim that the two are causally linked continues to persist to this day. At his confirmation hearing on 30 January, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the nominee for secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, alleged that a study of nine-year-olds enrolled in Florida’s Medicaid program showed vaccines are associated with autism. But here’s what the study actually did—and where it fell short. * The study used Medicaid billing codes to determine whether a child was vaccinated and whether they were diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), such as autism. * It reported finding an association between vaccination status and NDD diagnosis, leading the authors to express “concerns about the safety of the current vaccination schedule”. 🔍Experts pointed out that the study contained significant methodological flaws: 1. Flawed data: For example, the study relied solely on Medicaid billing codes to establish vaccination status. But this approach is liable to incorrect classification, as children can receive vaccinations in other programs apart from Medicaid, which wouldn’t appear in Medicaid records. 2. Incomplete diagnoses: The authors also chose to include only NDD diagnoses between the ages of five and nine, thereby missing out on NDD diagnoses that occur prior to five years of age. Read the claim review for more details: https://science.feedback.org/review/flawed-analysis-florida-medicaid-data-promote-false-claim-vaccines-cause-autism/
https://science.feedback.org/review/uterus-doesnt-require-cleansing-onion-tea-cant-cure-gynecological-conditions-like-fibroids-cysts-irregular-periods/ 🌸Contrary to viral claim, the uterus *doesn’t need to be “cleansed”* Recently, viral social media posts have claimed that drinking herbal tea made by boiling red onions in water can "cleanse" the uterus and treat conditions such as fibroids, ovarian cysts, and menstrual irregularities. These claims have gained significant traction, but they *are not supported* by scientific evidence. * First, the *uterus is a self-cleaning* organ that works naturally to maintain its health. It sheds its lining during menstruation and produces mucus to help flush out bacteria. In short, there’s no need for any "detox" or cleansing. * Similarly, the vagina doesn’t need special soaps or douching. Harsh products can actually harm the vagina’s natural pH balance and lead to infections. * 🩸What about cysts, fibroids, and irregular periods? There’s no scientific evidence from studies in humans to support the idea that onion tea can cure uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, or menstrual irregularities. While onions may have general health benefits, they’re not a miracle cure for reproductive health issues. If you’re dealing with fibroids, cysts, or irregular periods, you should seek guidance from a healthcare professional rather than relying on unverified remedies circulating online.
🐋 https://science.feedback.org/offshore-wind-turbines-arent-louder-than-high-winds-passing-ships/ There’s no scientific evidence supporting the claim that offshore wind turbines harm whales. ❌ No scientific evidence links offshore wind turbines to whale deaths in the North Atlantic. Most recorded cases are due to ship strikes or fishing gear entanglement—not wind farms. It’s worth noting that, in the U.S., some groups pushing this claim have ties to *fossil fuel interests* , using whale conservation as a pretext to block offshore wind turbines from getting built. Fossil fuels unequivocally harm whales – both through offshore oil and gas extraction and through the climate change caused by burning fossil fuels. Wind turbines do make noise underwater, but scientists have shown that this *noise is quieter than other sources, like passing ships or heavy winds* . Even on a quiet day, whales can’t discern wind turbine noise from ambient ocean sound unless they’re very close by. Building offshore wind turbines does make loud noises, but many offshore wind projects are now required to take silencing measures and to stop work if they spot whales in the area.