Laxmidhar Sir Notes

Laxmidhar Sir Notes

5/31/2025, 4:44:54 AM

Basic Computer Abbreviations 1. CPU – Central Processing Unit 2. RAM – Random Access Memory 3. ROM – Read-Only Memory 4. USB – Universal Serial Bus 5. HDD – Hard Disk Drive 6. SSD – Solid State Drive 7. GUI – Graphical User Interface 8. LAN – Local Area Network 9. WAN – Wide Area Network 10. IP – Internet Protocol Internet & Networking 11. HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol 12. HTTPS – HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure 13. URL – Uniform Resource Locator 14. DNS – Domain Name System 15. ISP – Internet Service Provider 16. VPN – Virtual Private Network 17. Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity 18. MAC – Media Access Control 19. IPV4/IPV6 – Internet Protocol Version 4/6 20. FTP – File Transfer Protocol Software & Operating System 21. OS – Operating System 22. BIOS – Basic Input Output System 23. DOS – Disk Operating System 24. API – Application Programming Interface 25. CAD – Computer-Aided Design 26. DBMS – Database Management System 27. PDF – Portable Document Format 28. SQL – Structured Query Language 29. XML – Extensible Markup Language 30. JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group Security & Cyber Terms 31. OTP – One-Time Password 32. SSL – Secure Sockets Layer 33. TFA/2FA – Two-Factor Authentication 34. DDoS – Distributed Denial of Service 35. AI – Artificial Intelligence 36. ML – Machine Learning 37. IOT – Internet of Things 38. USB – Universal Serial Bus 39. CLI – Command Line Interface 40. ISP – Internet Service Provider

Laxmidhar Sir Notes

2/12/2025, 8:21:47 AM

https://opolice.cbexams.com/Sepoypmtadmitcardv1avsd/Login.aspx Click here to download e-Admit Card for Physical Measurement Test /Physical Efficiency Test / Document Verification

Laxmidhar Sir Notes

2/10/2025, 6:10:42 AM

Ancient Travelers: 1. Megasthenes (4th century BCE, Greece) – Ambassador of Seleucus I to Chandragupta Maurya; wrote Indica, describing Mauryan administration and society. 2. Fa-Hien (5th century CE, China) – Buddhist monk who traveled to India during Chandragupta II’s reign; documented Indian society and Buddhism in A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms. 3. Xuanzang (7th century CE, China) – Visited India during Harsha’s rule; wrote Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, detailing Indian culture and Buddhist practices. 4. Al-Masudi (10th century, Arab) – Arab historian and traveler; described India, Sri Lanka, and the Islamic world in Muruj adh-Dhahab. Medieval Travelers: 5. Al-Biruni (11th century, Persia) – Visited India with Mahmud of Ghazni; wrote Tarikh al-Hind, a comprehensive study of Indian culture, religion, and science. 6. Marco Polo (13th century, Venice) – Traveled to China; described Kublai Khan’s court and trade routes in The Travels of Marco Polo. 7. Ibn Battuta (14th century, Morocco) – Traveled across Africa, the Middle East, India (Delhi Sultanate), and China; wrote Rihla (The Travels). 8. Niccolò de’ Conti (15th century, Italy) – Visited India and Southeast Asia; provided insights into Vijayanagara Empire and local customs. 9. Abdur Razzaq (15th century, Persia) – Persian envoy to Vijayanagara; wrote about its grandeur and administration. 10. Duarte Barbosa (16th century, Portugal) – Documented the coastal trade of India and the Portuguese presence. 11. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (17th century, France) – French jeweler who visited Mughal India; described trade and the Mughal court under Shah Jahan.