NTA NEET JEE NOTES , TRICKS , QUESTIONS

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*10,000* New Medical Seats to be added in *2025* *75,000* new medical seats in the next 5 years -Union Budget *2025*

✅ Key Points: Human Reproduction ⭐️ Uterus, also known as the womb. ⭐️ The longest unstripped muscles in the body are found in the walls of the uterus (during pregnancy). ⭐️ The clitoris is homologous to the penis in males. ⭐️ Bartholin glands are homologous to the Cowper's glands in males. ⭐️ A functional mammary gland is a characteristic of all female mammals. ⭐️ The milk produced during the initial days of lactation, called colostrum, contains antibodies (IgA) essential for developing immunity in newborns. ⚡️ Spermiation: Liberation of sperms from Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules. ⚡️ Semination: Release of sperms from the testes. ⚡️ Ejaculation: Release of sperms from the male body. ⚡️ Insemination: Transfer of sperm to the female’s vagina. ⚡️ In 1 ml of semen, there are 20 to 120 million sperm cells in humans. ⚡️ Leydig’s cells mature at the age of 10 years. ⚡️ The first polar body in humans does not undergo meiosis II and is formed to discard unwanted chromosomes. ⚡️ 65-74 days are required to complete the cycle of spermatogenesis in humans. Stay informed! 🧬

💠 Tissues in Plants 💠 Tissues are categorized into: 🔹 Plant Tissue 🔹 Animal Tissue 🌿 Plant Tissue Types 🌿 1️⃣ Meristematic Tissue – Actively dividing cells for plant growth. 2️⃣ Permanent Tissue – Differentiated cells for specific functions. 🟢 Meristematic Tissue 🟢 📌 Found in growth regions of plants: ➖ Apical Meristem 🌱 (Stem & root tips – Growth in height) ➖ Lateral Meristem 🌿 (Stem & root – Increase in thickness) ➖ Intercalary Meristem 🍃 (Base of leaves/internodes – Regeneration & growth) 🔵 Permanent Tissue 🔵 ✅ Simple Permanent Tissue – One type of cell. ✔️ Parenchyma – Stores food & supports plant. ✔️ Collenchyma – Provides flexibility & mechanical support. ✔️ Sclerenchyma – Hardens & stiffens plant (e.g., Coconut husk 🥥). ✔️ Epidermis – Protective outer covering. ✅ Complex Permanent Tissue – More than one type of cell. ✔️ Xylem 🚰 – Transports water & minerals (Made of tracheids, vessels, xylem fibers, etc.). ✔️ Phloem 🍃 – Transports food (Made of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, etc.). 🌟 Plants thrive because of these amazing tissues! 🌟

Important points related to B2H6 (Diboron) :- • Total no. Of Banana Bond = 2 • Hybrid state of Boron - SP³ • Electron deficient species • No. Of 3C - 2e bonds = 2 • Non planar (Tetrahedral) • Maximum atoms in same plane = 6 • Replaceable H-atoms = 4 (Terminal H)

⭐ Revision in shorts 🔻Raoult’s Law: “The partial vapour pressure of any component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction”. For a binary solution of two components A and B, PA = XA PB = XB Where P0A = vapour pressure of component A in pure state. PA = vapour pressure of component A in the solution. P0B = vapour pressure of component B in pure state. PB = vapour pressure of component B in the solution 🔻Limitations of Raoult’s Law:-) Raoult’s law is applicable only to very dilute solutions. 🔻It is applicable to solutions containing non-volatile solute only. 🔻It is not applicable to solutes which dissociate or associate in a particular solution 🔻Raoult’s Law in Combination with Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure: PT = XA P0A + XB P0B = P0B + (P0A -P0B) XA Where PT = Total Vapour Pressure of the Solution. Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions: 🔻Ideal Solution: These solutions obey Raoult’s law at all compositions of solute in solvent at all temperature Two liquids A and B form and ideal solution when A –A and B–B molecular attractions will be same and hence A–B molecular attraction will be almost same as A–A and B–B molecular attraction. 🔻For Ideal Solution: 1. dHmixing = 0, i.e. no heat should be absorbed or evolved during mixing 2. dVmixing = 0, i.e. no expansion or contraction on mixing Examples , Ethyl chloride and ethyl bromide, n–hexane and n–heptane , CCl4 and SiCl4 🔻Non-Ideal Solution: These solutions deviate from ideal behaviour and do not obey Raoult’s law over entire range of composition. For non ideal solutions, 1. dHmixing ≠ 0 2. dHmixing ≠ 0 Here we may have two cases A) Positive Deviation: 1. PA > XA & PB > XB 2. dHmix > 0 3. dVmix > 0 Example: Cyclohexane and Ethanol B) Negative Deviation: 1. PA > XA & PB > XB 2. dHmix < 0 3. dVmix < 0

🧨 Postulates of kinetic theory of gases 🧨 ✨ A gas consists of large number of tiny particles called molecules. Volume occupied by gas molecules, is negligible as compared to the total volume of gas. ✨ There is continuous rapid random motion of gas molecules. The molecules collide with each other and against walls of container. ✨ The molecules are perfectly elastic bodies and there is no loss of kinetic energy during collisions. ✨ There are no attractive forces between the molecules of gas. ✨ The pressure exerted by a gas is due to bombardment of gas molecules against the walls of the container. ✨ The different molecules possess different velocities and hence different energies. The average K.E. is directly proportional to absolute temperature.

Electric Charges and Fields ✏️ 📌NCERT PICKS 🔴 There is a spark or crackle when we take off oursynthetic clothes or sweater in dry whether. 🔴 It is observed that if two glass rods rubbed with wool or silk cloth are brought close to each other, they repel each other. 🔴 On rubbing two body, the mass of one body slightly get lowered. 🔴 An ebonite rod held in hand can be charged by rubbing with funnel but a copper rod cannot be charged like this. 🔴 When we touch a pith ball with an electrified plastic rod, some of the negative charges on rod are transferred. 🔴 While calculating the force between the two charges from coulomb's law, never take into account, the sign of two charges. It just indicates nature of the force. 🔴 The test charge used to measure electric field at point is taken as unit in magnitude or very small. 🔴 Field lines are always directed from higher potential to lower potential. 🔴 Neutral point is a point where resultant electric field is zero. 🔴 When a charged particle enters with velocity at right angle to the uniform field the trajectory is parabola. 🔴 A surface having same electric potential at every point is an equipotential surface. 🔴 Work done in moving a charge along an equipotential surface is always zero. 🔴 Relative permitivity of the material is also known as specific inductive capacitance. 🔴 Two charged spheres having

Electric Charges and Fields 1. Electric Charge Charge is the property associated with matter due to which it produces and experiences electric and magnetic effect. 2. Conductors and Insulators Those substances which readily allow the passage of electricity through them are called conductors, e.g. metals, the earth and those substances which offer high resistance to the passage of electricity are called insulators, e.g. plastic rod and nylon. 3. Transference of electrons is the cause of frictional electricity. 4. Additivity of Charges- Charge are scalars and they add up like real numbers. It means if a system consists of n charges q1, q2, q3 , … ,qn, then total charge of the system will be q1 +q2 + … +qn. 5. Conservation of Charge The total charge of an isolated system is always conserved, i.e. initial and final charge of the system will be same. 6. Quantisation of Charge -Charge exists in discrete amount rather than continuous value and hence, quantised. Mathematically, charge on an object, q=±ne where, n is an integer and e is electronic charge. When any physical quantity exists in discrete packets rather than in continuous amount, the quantity is said to be quantised. Hence, charge is quantised. 7. Units of Charge (i) SI unit coulomb (C) (ii) CGS system (a) electrostatic unit, esu of charge or stat-coulomb (stat-C) (b) electromagnetic unit, emu of charge or ab-C (ab-coulomb) 1 ab-C = 10 C, 1 C = 3 x 109 stat-C

N☕A  Latest update on Egg jam pattern change ✅Section B removed ✅You must attend all 180 questions ✅180 minutes instead of 200