UPSC State PCS Exam

UPSC State PCS Exam

2/3/2025, 2:43:50 AM

*🛡️Appointment Of Chief Justice* ♟️From 1950 to 1973, the practice has been to appoint the seniormost judge of the Supreme Court as the chief justice of India. ♟️This established convention was violated in 1973 when A.N. Ray was appointed as the Chief Justice of India by superseding three senior judges. ♟️Again in 1977, M.U. Beg was appointed as the chief justice of India by superseding the then senior-most judge. ♟️This discretion of the government was curtailed by the Supreme Court in the Second Judges Case (1993), in which the Supreme Court ruled that the seniormost judge of the Supreme Court should alone be appointed to the office of the chief justice of India.

UPSC State PCS Exam

2/3/2025, 2:48:11 AM

🛡️ *Appointment Of Judges* ♟️The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president. ♟️The chief justice is appointed by the president after consultationl with such judges of the Supreme Court and high courts as he deems necessary. ♟️The other judges are appointed by president after consultation with the chief justice and such other judges of the Supreme Court and the high courts as he deems necessary. ♟️The consultation with the chief justice is obligatory in the case of appointment of a judge other than Chief justice.

UPSC State PCS Exam

2/5/2025, 2:44:07 AM

*🛡️Dissolution* ♟️Rajya Sabha, being a permanent House, is not subject to dissolution. Only the Lok Sabha is subject to dissolution. ♟️Unlike a prorogation, a dissolution ends the very life of the existing House, and a new House is constituted after general elections are held. ♟️The dissolution of the Lok Sabha may take place in either of two ways: 1. Automatic dissolution, that is, on the expiry of its tenure of five years or the terms as extended during a national emergency; or 2. Whenever the President decides to dissolve the House, which he is authorised to do. Once the Lok Sabha is dissolved before the completion of its normal tenure, the dissolution is irrevocable.

UPSC State PCS Exam

2/18/2025, 2:47:04 AM

*🛡️The Income-tax Bill, 2025* *Key Features* ♟️ *Qualitative Improvements* ♟️Simplified language, making the law more accessible. ♟️Consolidation of amendments, reducing fragmentation. ♟️Removal of obsolete and redundant provisions for greater clarity. ♟️Structural rationalization through tables and formulae for improved readability. ♟️Preservation of existing taxation principles, ensuring continuity while enhancing usability. ♟️Crypto as Property: Virtual digital assets such as cryptocurrencies have been included in the definition of property to be counted as a capital asset. ♟️Dispute Resolution: It provides the points of determination, decision, and the reasons behind it, marking a shift from the earlier section, which lacked clarity on the manner of issuing DRP directions. ♟️Capital Gain Exemptions: Section 54E of the Act, which details exemptions for capital gains on transfer of capital assets prior to April 1992 has been removed. ♟️Tax Year: The Bill introduces the concept of “tax year”, which has been defined as the 12-month period beginning April 1.