🌍 Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Explained ✅ Concept Origin – Based on Kuznets' 1955 study on income inequality, later applied to economic growth & environmental impact. ✅ Inverted U-Shaped Relationship – At low income levels, industrialization increases pollution, but as economies grow, wealthier societies adopt cleaner technologies & regulations, reducing environmental damage. ✅ Key Stages: 1️⃣ Early Growth: High pollution due to industrialization. 2️⃣ Rising Income: Awareness & regulations emerge. 3️⃣ Developed Economy: Environmental quality improves with sustainable investments. ✅ Implication – Economic growth alone won’t guarantee sustainability; policy interventions & green tech adoption are essential. ♻️