𝗖𝗘𝗣𝗛𝗔𝗟𝗢𝗦𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗡 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦: 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗛𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗚𝗨𝗜𝗗𝗘 1. First Generation Coverage: 🟣 Gram-positive: Excellent activity, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (excluding MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes. 🟣 Gram-negative: Limited activity, primarily effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Examples: 🟣 Cefazolin (IV) 🟣 Cephalexin (oral) 🟣 Cefadroxil (oral) Uses: 🟣 Surgical prophylaxis (e.g., cefazolin) 🟣 Skin and soft tissue infections 🟣 UTIs caused by susceptible organisms 2. Second Generation Coverage: 🟠 Gram-positive: Similar to the first generation but slightly less effective. 🟠 Gram-negative: Expanded activity, covering Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis. 🟠 Some agents (e.g., cephamycins like cefotetan, cefoxitin) have anaerobic coverage. Examples: 🟠 Cefuroxime (IV/oral) 🟠 Cefoxitin (IV) – a cephamycin 🟠 Cefotetan (IV) – a cephamycin 🟠 Cefaclor (oral) Uses: 🟠 Respiratory tract infections (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis) 🟠 Surgical prophylaxis for abdominal and pelvic surgeries (e.g., cefoxitin, cefotetan) 🟠 Mixed anaerobic infections (cephamycins) 3. Third Generation Coverage: 🔴 Gram-positive: Good activity but less effective against Staphylococcus aureus than earlier generations. 🔴 Gram-negative: Broad-spectrum coverage, including Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria. 🔴 Some agents (e.g., ceftazidime) cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 🔴 Generally poor anaerobic coverage. Examples: 🔴 Ceftriaxone (IV) 🔴 Cefotaxime (IV) 🔴 Ceftazidime (IV) – covers Pseudomonas 🔴 Cefdinir (oral) 🔴 Cefixime (oral) Uses: 🔴 Community-acquired pneumonia 🔴 Meningitis (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) 🔴 Gonorrhea (ceftriaxone) 🔴 Severe UTIs and pyelonephriti 🔴 Hospital-acquired infections (Pseudomonas coverage with ceftazidime) 4. Fourth Generation Coverage: 🔵 Gram-positive: Good coverage, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. 🔵 Gram-negative: Very broad, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, and other resistant gram-negative organisms. 🔵 No anaerobic coverage. Example: 🔵 Cefepime (IV) Uses: 🔵 Hospital-acquired pneumonia 🔵 Febrile neutropenia 🔵 Complicated UTIs 🔵 Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (Pseudomonas focus) 5. Fifth Generation Coverage: 🟤 Gram-positive: Excellent activity, including MRSA and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. 🟤 Gram-negative: Broad-spectrum but no Pseudomonas coverage. 🟤 Minimal anaerobic coverage. Example: 🟤 Ceftaroline (IV) Uses: 🟤 Skin and soft tissue infections (e.g., caused by MRSA) 🟤 Community-acquired pneumonia Pict credit https://lnkd.in/grbtWG-W