*Med 08 feb 2025* *MedicallAcademy* ---------------- 1. FVmax is related to which type of transport? Correct answer: Facilitated diffusion 2. 3rd-degree uterine prolapse: which ligament is damaged and its attachment? Correct answer: Uterosacral ligament (attaches the uterus to the sacrum) 3. Carbamazepine mechanism of action? Correct answer: Sodium channel blocker 4. Homeostasis gain? Correct answer: High gain systems provide better homeostasis 5. Thyroglossal cyst: What happens on tongue protrusion? Correct answer: Midline mass moves with tongue protrusion 6. 2-year-old child with Down syndrome features, low-set ears, karyotyping? Correct answer: 47, XX or XY, +21 (Trisomy 21) 7. First-pass metabolism mainly occurs in? Correct answer: Liver 8. Maple syrup urine disease: deficient enzyme? Correct answer: Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase 9. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treatment with no comorbidities? Correct answer: Azithromycin or Doxycycline 10. CAP treatment in chronic renal failure (CRF)? Correct answer: Adjusted dose of β-lactam + macrolide or respiratory fluoroquinolone 11. Metformin mechanism of action? Correct answer: Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis 12. Overeating, obesity, hyperphagia—associated with which syndrome? Correct answer: Prader-Willi syndrome 13. Gene that moves from one location to another carrying important sequences? Correct answer: Transposons 14. After ATT, liver disease is most commonly due to? Correct answer: Isoniazid 15. Behind knee pain, tenderness—most likely involved muscle/tendon? Correct answer: Popliteus 16. Pencil cells in peripheral blood smear are seen in? Correct answer: Iron deficiency anemia 17. Berry aneurysm is most commonly associated with which artery? Correct answer: Cerebral arteries (Circle of Willis) 18. Right hemiplegia with left facial involvement—lesion location? Correct answer: Brainstem 19. Hemiplegia of lower limb, cannot speak, upper limb more involved, hemianopia—most likely artery affected? Correct answer: ACA (Anterior cerebral artery) 20. Leukocytes moving into tissue—process name? Correct answer: Diapedesis 21. Acidic chyme in duodenum stimulates the release of? Correct answer: CCK (Cholecystokinin) and Secretin 22. Fragile X syndrome: mutation type? Correct answer: Trinucleotide repeat expansion (CGG repeat) 23. X-linked agammaglobulinemia is due to a defect in? Correct answer: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene 24. Retinoblastoma is associated with which gene mutation? Correct answer: RB1 gene 25. Kwashiorkor is primarily due to? Correct answer: Protein deficiency 26. During exercise, increased heart rate is due to? Correct answer: Sympathetic activation 27. Winging of scapula is caused by damage to which nerve? Correct answer: Long thoracic nerve 28. First 15-degree arm abduction is performed by? Correct answer: Supraspinatus muscle 29. Cavernous sinus drainage involves which vein? Correct answer: Superior ophthalmic vein 30. Gastric pain is transmitted via which nerve? Correct answer: Greater splanchnic nerve 31. Rectal distension and control—autonomic innervation involved? Correct answer: Parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves) 32. Type 1 diabetes is associated with which gene? Correct answer: HLA-DR3/DR4, JAK-STAT pathway 33. 60-year-old with respiratory symptoms, not COVID—most likely cause? Correct answer: Community-acquired pneumonia 34. 18-year-old female, RLQ pain, fever, LMP 3 weeks back—most likely diagnosis? Correct answer: Appendicitis 35. Best diagnostic test for asthma? Correct answer: Spirometry with bronchodilator response 36. Most common complication 24 hours after MI? Correct answer: Arrhythmia (ventricular fibrillation) 37. 40-year-old male with painless testicular tumor—most likely diagnosis? Correct answer: Seminoma 38. Embryological remnant forming the utricle? Correct answer: Müllerian duct remnant 39. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is most important for drug safety? Correct answer: Therapeutic index 40. Taste sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue is supplied by? Correct answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) 41. TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) was repeated—most common finding? Correct answer: Pulmonary stenosis 42. QRS complex represents? Correct answer: Ventricular depolarization 43. Scaphoid fracture is best diagnosed by? Correct answer: MRI or delayed X-ray (after 10 days) 44. RTA patient dies in a crowded environment—likely lung pathology? Correct answer: Anthracosis (due to inhalation of pollutants) 45. Liver biopsy site? Correct answer: 9th-10th intercostal space, midaxillary line 46. TCA (Tricyclic antidepressant) as analgesic takes how long to work? Correct answer: 3-4 weeks