🔆 One Hundred and Fifth Constitutional Amendment Act, 2021 📍 Key Changes: ✅ Articles 338B and 342A: Modified to restore the power of State Governments and Union Territories to identify and specify Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs) for their own purposes. ✅ Article 366 (Clause 26C): Substituted to clarify that the President's power to specify SEBCs applies only to the Central List, for the purposes of the Central Government. 📍 Key Provisions: ✅ Restored the autonomy of states and union territories in identifying and specifying SEBCs for reservations and affirmative action at the state level. ✅ Provided clarity that the Central List for SEBCs pertains solely to the Central Government, ensuring state-specific reservations are distinct and independent. 📍 Significance: ✅ Empowered states and union territories to tailor affirmative action measures according to local needs, promoting inclusive development at the regional level. ✅ Strengthened federalism by recognizing state autonomy in defining SEBCs, while maintaining clarity on the scope of the Central List. The One Hundred and Fifth Constitutional Amendment Act, 2021, reinforced decentralization and state autonomy, enabling more inclusive governance and ensuring social justice for SEBCs across India. #polity #prelims