🔆 The article analyzes India's challenges in developing its critical minerals sector, particularly in the context of China's growing dominance in the global supply chain. Key Points: 📍China's Strategic Restrictions: ✅China has expanded its export controls on critical minerals, restricting access for countries like the US. ✅This strategy aims to secure its dominance in high-tech manufacturing and gain leverage in international relations. 📍India's Challenges: ✅Low Exploration Activity: Limited exploration and investment in domestic mineral resources hinder development. ✅Outdated Classification System: The existing classification system for mineral blocks discourages private sector participation. ✅Government Initiatives: Despite efforts like the creation of KABIL and the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, progress remains slow. Way Forward: ✅Increased Exploration: The article suggests increasing exploration activity through incentives like upfront fiscal support for exploration companies, similar to the semiconductor industry. ✅Addressing Information Asymmetry: Improving data availability on mineral resources is crucial to attract investment and reduce risks for potential bidders. ✅Strategic Importance: The article emphasizes the strategic importance of developing domestic critical mineral resources to reduce dependence on China and ensure India's long-term economic and technological security. ✅Possible UPSC Prelims Question: What is the primary objective behind China's recent restrictions on the export of critical minerals? A. To protect its domestic industry B. To gain leverage in international relations C. To comply with global environmental regulations D. To reduce dependence on foreign imports ✅Possible UPSC Mains Question: Discuss the challenges faced by India in developing its critical minerals sector. Analyze the implications of China's growing dominance in the global supply chain of critical minerals for India's economic and strategic interests. Suggest policy measures to address these challenges and enhance India's self-reliance in critical minerals.