*On Demand by Aspirants...!!!🌀🌀* *⭕NURSING OFFICER* *MCQ QUIZ NO: 308* *⭕Series: Maha Ratainale* *⭕Date: 10/02/2025* *⭕Sub: Nursing Foundation-22* *⭕Day: Monday* *1.Ans A* Air or a gas (most commonly used carbon dioxide) is injected into peritoneal cavity to inflate the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum) to facilitate laparoscopy. *2.Ans A* Vital signs are also called cardinal signs, because change in body's vital (life-sustaining) functioning can be detected by these signs. *3.Ans B* Before starting any procedure first of all explain the procedure to the client, to win the confidence and cooperation and alleviate the fear or anxiety related to the procedure. *4.Ans B* Recording of vital signs are requires to detect any life-threatening or adverse condition and to detect any change in the client's health status. *5.Ans A* Basic techniques used to determine vital signs are inspection (respiration), palpation (pulse and temperature) and auscultation (pulse and BP). *6.Ans C* Those physical signs concerning functions essential to life or indicate functioning of vital organs (i.e., heart, lungs etc.) called primary vital signs or cardinal signs, e.g., pulse, respiration. blood pressure and temperature. *7.Ans B* In general pain is considered as a 5th vital sign, because it may alter other vital signs also like BP. Although in emergency condition pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation) is also considered as a routine 5th vital sign. *8.Ans A* Fifth Vital Sign In 2000, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) designated pain as the "fifth vital sign", in addition to the traditional four vital signs: 1. Pulse 2. Breathing rate 3. Blood pressure 4. Body temperature Pain assessment is now considered an essential component of patient evaluation, particularly in emergency departments. Other Options The other options are not considered the fifth vital sign: - (b) Response to pain is related to pain assessment, but it's not the specific fifth vital sign. - (c) Verbal response is a component of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), used to assess level of consciousness. - (d) Pupillary reaction to light is a neurological assessment, but it's not the fifth vital sign. Accurate pain assessment is crucial for providing effective pain management and improving patient outcomes. *9.Ans A* Ideal Position for Assessing Vital Signs When assessing a patient's vital signs, it's essential to position them in a way that promotes comfort, relaxation, and accuracy of measurements. Sitting upright on a chair or bed is considered the ideal position for several reasons: Advantages of Sitting Upright 1. *Respiratory mechanics*: Sitting upright allows for optimal lung expansion and breathing. 2. *Cardiovascular stability*: This position helps maintain a stable blood pressure and heart rate. 3. *Comfort*: Patients are generally more comfortable sitting upright, which can help reduce anxiety and stress. Alternative Positions While sitting upright is ideal, there may be situations where alternative positions are necessary due to patient-specific factors or contraindications. In such cases: - Lying flat on the back with knees flexed (option b) may be used for patients with respiratory distress or those who require oxygen therapy. - Lying flat on the back with arms extended (option c) may be used for patients undergoing certain medical procedures. - Side-lying with flexed knees (option d) may be used for patients with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions that require this position. However, for general vital sign assessment, sitting upright on a chair or bed is the preferred position, provided there are no contraindications. *10.Ans D* Normal Vital Sign Ranges for Adults - Blood Pressure (BP): 90-120 mmHg systolic, 60-80 mmHg diastolic - Pulse (P): 60-100 beats per minute - Respiratory Rate (R): 12-20 breaths per minute Analysis of Options - (a) BP 130/90, P 72, R 24: Elevated BP and respiratory rate. - (b) BP 80/50, P 110, R 32: Hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea. - (c) BP 110/80, P 56, R 20: Bradycardia (slow heart rate). - (d) BP 120/70, P 68, R 16: Within normal ranges for BP, pulse, and respiratory rate. *11.Ans C* Temperature Equality Point The temperature at which the Celsius (centigrade) and Fahrenheit scales are equal is -40 degrees. Conversion Formula The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 Substituting -40 for °C, we get: °F = (-40 × 9/5) + 32 = -40 Therefore, -40°C is equal to -40°F. *12.Ans A* The correct answer is (a) 34-41°C (94-106°F) but more specifically, the optimal range is 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F). Optimal Body Temperature Range The human body functions most efficiently within a narrow temperature range. This range allows for optimal cellular metabolism, enzyme function, and overall physiological processes. Normal Body Temperature Normal body temperature ranges from 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F). Temperatures outside this range can indicate illness, infection, or other underlying conditions. Other Options The other options are not accurate: - (b) 0 to 100°C: This range is far beyond the human body's tolerance. - (c) 30 to 40°C: Although close, this range is slightly broader than the optimal range. - (d) 30 to 50°C: This range is too wide and includes temperatures that can be harmful to the human body. *13.Ans A* Mercury's Unique Property Mercury is a metal that remains in a liquid state at room temperature (approximately 20°C or 68°F) and standard pressure. This unique property makes mercury useful in various applications, such as thermometers, barometers, and fluorescent lighting. Other Options The other options are not correct: - (b) Sulphur: A non-metal that is solid at room temperature. - (c) Sodium: A metal that is solid at room temperature. - (d) Coal: A non-metal, carbon-based substance that is solid at room temperature. Mercury's liquid state at room temperature makes it an interesting exception among metals. *14.Ans D* Dorsum (back) surface of the hand and fingers are used to measures temperature, because it containing more temperature sensitive receptors. Palmar (front) surface of the fingers and finger pads are used to assess texture, shape, fluid, size and consistency. *15.Ans A* Heats into body are produced by oxidation of food, specific dynamic action of food (a stimulatory effect of food on BMR, e.g., fat 4%, protein 30% and mixed diet is 12%), exercise, strong emotion (e.g.. anxiety and nervousness due to sympathetic stimulation). disease condition (like fever) and effects of hormones (progesterone increase temp. during ovulation). *16.Ans D* Core temperature means the body's temperature in the deep internal structures (e.g., rectal and tympanic membrane in the car), as opposed to peripheral parts such as the mouth or axilla. *17.Ans C* Body temperature is high/peak in late afternoon or evening due to high metabolic activity and environmental temperature. It is low as the time of awakening as a result of muscle inactivity. It also increases in pregnancy, during ovulation, illness, stress and physical exercise. *18.Ans C* Both electronic & disposable paper thermometer provides reading in less than 60 seconds. Tympanic membrane thermometer provides result only into 2 seconds. *19.Ans C* Soap and tap water used to clean the thermometer and a good disinfectant (like dittol, savlon and lysol) used to disinfect thermometer. *20.Ans C* The grading on the clinical thermometer is from 95°F to 110°F (35°C to 43.3°C). *Regards:* *Maha Nursing ✍️ 🏆*