*On Demand by Aspirants...!!!🌀🌀* *⭕NURSING OFFICER* *MCQ QUIZ NO: 313* *⭕Series: Maha Rationale* *⭕Date: 15/02/2025* *⭕Sub: Endocrine -5(A&P With MSN-48)* *⭕Day: Saturday* *Follow the Maha Nursing✍🏆 channel on WhatsApp:* https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VakrZS52phHScOsBy63w *Follow the ✍🏻KNO Academy Bangalore channel on WhatsApp:* https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9I7WH5a243XpOnFL0V *🛑 Quiz Link:* https://quizzory.in/id/67aebd02e37eee618a7b8cee *1)* Islets of Langerhans are concentrated/rich in which portion of pancreas? (a) uncinated process (b) tail (c) body (d) head *Ans B* The pancreas is a pale grey, retroperitoneal gland classified as both an exocrine (99% part) and an endocrine gland (1% part of pancreatic islets). Endocrine function of pancreas is performed by islets of Langerhans (or Pancreatic islets), which are more concentrated in the tail than in the head or body of the pancreas Pancreatic islets contain mainly 3 types of cells: o Alpha or A-cells (15%) secrete glucagon. Beta or B-cells (80%) secrete insulin. Ο Delta or D-cells (5%) secrete somatostatin. *2)* The hormone glucagon is secreted by: (a) Beta cells of Pancreas (b) Parathyroid gland (c) Pineal gland (d) Alpha cells of Pancreas *Ans D* Refer MCQ No 1 *3)* Islets of Langerhans are present in: (a) Liver (b) Spleen (c) Stomach (d) Pancreas *Ans D* Refer MCQ No 1 *4)* Which hormone does not glucose levels in the body? control blood (a) Insulin (c) Cortisol (b) Glucagon (d) Vasopressin *Ans D* Any hormone that opposes the effects of insulin (causes hyperglycemia) called counter-regulatory hormone e.g., glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone. A single hormone insulin is only responsible for decrease blood glucose level (hypoglycemia). Vasopressin (ADH) is not concerned with blood glucose level. *5)* In following which is not a function of insulin: (a) decreasing glycogenolysis (b) gluconeogenesis (c) lipogenesis (d) glycogenesis *Ans C* Insulin decreases blood glucose level by mechanism of glycogenesis, lipogenesis, decreases gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and increases utilization of glucose by body cells. *6)* Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate source is referred as: (a) Glycolysis (b) Gluconeogenesis (c) Glycogenolysis (d) Glycogenesis *Ans B* Formation of glucose from excess amino acids, fats or other non-carbohydrate sources called gluconeogenesis. *7)* Insulin is not administered through oral route because: (a) It causes GIT bleeding (b) It causes Nausea and Vomiting (c) It is destroyed by GIT (d) Nore of these *Ans C* Insulin is a protein hormone so it can be destroy by GIT if given by oral route by action of protein digesting enzymes such as pepsinogen etc. *8)* Where is the adrenal gland situated in the human body? (a) Below the gallbladder (b) At the neck (c) Top of each kidney (d) Lateral side of the liver *Ans C* Adrenal glands: Triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys, so it also known as suprarenal glands. It produces hormones that help to regulate metabolism, electrolyte balance (e.g., sodium and potassium), immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions. *9)* Glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids are secreted by: (a) Gonads (c) Pancreas (b) Adrenal glands (d) Anterior Pituitary *Ans B* Outer layer of the adrenal gland called adrenal cortex; it has three concentric layers, like: Zona glomerulosa: It secretes mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone). Zona fasciculata: It secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol). Zona reticularis: It secretes both androgens and estrogens. Inner layer of adrenal gland called medulla which secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine & dopamine *10)* Which of the following layers of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids? (a) Adrenal medulla (b) Zona glomerulosa (c) Zona fasciculate (d) Zona reticularis *Ans C* Refer MCQ No 9 *11)* Sports person enhance capabilities by taking? mental and physical (a) Anabolic steroids (b) Caffein (c) High calorie food (d) Whisky *Ans A* Anabolic steroid is a class of steroid hormone resembling testosterone. These agents stimulate the growth or manufacture of body tissues. Sometimes it used in high doses by male and female athletes to improve performance. *12).* Which of the following is called a 'pleasure chemical' in the human body? (a) Noradrenaline (b) Dopamine (c) Cortisol (d) Epinephrine *Ans B* Dopamine is a catecholamine synthesized by the adrenal gland. In brain, dopamine works as a neurotransmitter, affecting cells that influence body movement, emotional states and pleasure/reward. *13).* Which hormones control sexual behavior? (a) Serotonin and Melatonin (b) Oxytocin and Vasopressin (c) Thyroxin and Adrenalin (d) Androgens and estrogens *Ans D* Sexual behavior in both sexes is regulated by gonadal steroid hormones like androgens (male sex hormone e.g., testosterone) and female sex hormone like estrogen (estradiol) & progesterone *14).* The smallest gland in human body is: (a) Adrenal gland (b) Salivary gland (c) Pineal gland (d) Thyroid gland *Ans C* Smallest gland (weight 0.1-0.2gm), situated under the brain, and above the hypothalamus behind the 3rd ventricle. It secretes melatonin hormone, which influence circadian rhythms and promotes sleepiness. *15).* The most important hormone secreted by the Pineal gland is: (a) Para hormone (b) Melatonin (c) Thyroxine (d) Androgens *Ans B* Refer MCQ No 14 *16).* Main clinical feature of hyperthyroidism: (a) Diaphoresis (b) Diy brittle hair (c) Menorrhagia (d) Cold sensitivity *Ans A* Clinical features of hyperthyroidism are goiter, exophthalmos, heat intolerance, diaphoresis, over eating, palpitation, tachycardia (also increase sleeping pulse), hypertension, weight loss, diarrhea, eyelid lag (lagophthalmos), tremors in hands etc. Cold sensitivity, dry brittle hair and irregular menses are features of hypothyroidism. *17).* Sleeping pulse rate is classically increased in: (a) Hypothyroidism (b) hypoparathyroidism (c) Hyperthyroidism (d) hyperparathyroidism *Ans C* Refer MCQ No 16 *18).* What called acropachy in hyperthyroidism? (a) Digital clubbing and swelling of fingers (b) Protrusion of eyelids (c) Enlarged thyroid glands (d) Softening of bones *Ans A* Thyroid acropachy is a rare complication of autoimmune thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism), which is characterized by nail clubbing, swelling of digits and toes. It is always associated with thyroid ophthalmopathy and dermopathy. *19)* Which of the following conditions is the most common form of hyperthyroidism? (a) Addison's disease (b) Cushing Syndrome (c) Grave's disease (d) Hashimoto's disease *Ans C* Graves' disease is a type of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune destruction of thyroid. Graves' disease is a most common form and cause of hyperthyroidism. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune illness in which there is inflammation and then destruction and fibrosis of the thyroid gland. ultimately resulting in hypothyroidism. Hashimoto's is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas of the world where there are inadequate levels of iodine. *20).* A 10-year-old child is diagnosed with lymphocytic thyroiditis. The nurse should explain to the parents and child that the condition is: (a) Chronic (b)Inherited (c) Difficult to treat d) Probably temporary *Ans A* Lymphocytic thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune disorder which also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It causes autoimmune-mediated lymphocytic inflammation of the thyroid gland. *Regards:* *Maha Nursing ✍️ 🏆*