📌 *IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY* 🌀 _*Asepsis*_ : Freedom from infection or prevention of contact with micro-organisms. 🌀 *_Antiseptic_* : An agent that will inhibit the growth and development of micro-organisms without necessarily killing them. 🌀 *_Autoclaving_* : It is the process of sterilization of articles by steam under pressure using an apparatus called autoclave. 🌀 *_Bacteriostasis_* : It is a condition in which bacterial growth is checked without necessarily killing them. 🌀 *_Bacteriostat_* : An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria. 🌀 *_Bacteriocide_* : An agent that has the power to kill micro-organisms. 🌀 *_Contamination_* : The word contamination comes from the latin word con = together, ad tangere = to touch. Contamination means the act of soiling or making dirty or impure by contact. 🌀 *_Culture_* : Growth of micro-organisms or other living cells usually used for the growth of micro- organisms. 🌀 *_Cross infection_* : Infection transmitted between individuals infected with different pathogenic organisms. Cross infection occurs usually in the hospitals. It is the infection of a client with a disease other than that, for which he had been admitted. In other words, a client gets the infection from someone else during his stay in the hospital 🌀 *_Carrier_* : A person who harbours pathogenic organisms of a disease in his body without on showing the signs and symptoms of that disease, and thus acts as a carrier or distributor of that disease. 🌀 *_Colonization_* : occurs when a micro-organism is present or invades a host, grows and multiplies there but does not cause disease or infection. 🌀 *_Complication_* : A new illness or condition that arises during the course of another illness or condition. 🌀Disinfection: It means destroying of all the pathogenic organisms. 🌀 *_Concurrent disinfection_* : is the immediate disinfection of all contaminated articles and bodily discharges during the course of the disease. 🌀 *_Terminal disinfection_*:- means the disinfection of the client's unit with all the articles (furniture, linen, mattress, pillows, utensils etc.) used by the client on his discharge, death or release from isolation. 🌀 *_Disinfectant_ : An agent which kills pathogenic organisms. It is applied particularly to agents used on inanimate objects. 🌀 *_Droplet infection_* : It is the infection of the individual by means of fine particles of saliva and mucus that are expelled from the mouth and nose of another person during coughing, sneezing or speaking. 🌀 *_Fomites_* : Objects which have been in contact with a contagious disease and are capable of transmitting that disease are called fomites, e.g., cups, spoons, linen toys, bedpans etc. 🌀 *_Fumigation_* : It is the process of disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a vapourized germicide. 🌀 *_Garbage_ :-* Waste material or rubbish arising from the preparation, cooking and consumption of food. 🌀 *_Infection_* : The entry and development (multiplication) of a disease producing agent in the body. It is the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or micro-organisms resulting in disease. An infection is a disease state that results from the presence of pathogens in or on the body or it is an entry and development (multiplication) of a disease producing agent in the body. 🌀 *_Immunization_* : It is the act of creating immunity artificially against a particular disease. 🌀 *_Isolation_* : It is the separation of infected persons from the non-infected persons for the period of communicability under conditions which will prevent the transmission of infection to others. 🌀 *_Mechanical_* : Work done by the use of force 🌀 *_Nosocomial infection_:* refers to hospital acquired infection. A client develops an infection that was not present or was incubating at the time of admission to the health care settingand 🌀 *_Pathogenic_* : Micro-organisms that are capable of producing disease in man. 🌀 *_Portals of entry_* : Portal = a door or entrance, The pathways by which the micro-organism enters the body are called the portals of entry, ee.g., the respiratory tract, the digestive tract, genitourinary tract, the skin. Lna academy 🌀 *_Portals of exit_* : The pathways by which the micro-organisms leave the body. Very often the micro-organisms leave the body through the same system by which they entered. 🌀 *_Prophylactic_* : Measures taken to prevent a disease. 🌀 *_Quarantine_* : It is the detention or isolation of well persons who have come in contact with an infectious diseases for a period of time equal to the longest incubation period of that disease. 🌀 *_Refuse_* : The unwanted or discarded waste material from houses, street sweepings, comm- ercial, industrial and agricultural operations arising from man's activities. 🌀 *_Reservoir_:-* means a place where micro-organ- isms can survive, multiply and await transfer to a susceptible host. 🌀 *_Resistance_* : The natural power of the body to withstand the toxins or the organisms of a disease. 🌀 *_Rodent_* : The small plant eating animals with strong sharp teeth. It includes rats, mice, rabbits etc. 🌀 *_Sepsis_* : It is the infection of the body by pus - forming bacteria. 🌀 *_Sensitivity_* : Reacting to something. Usually applied to drugs. 🌀 *_Septicaemia_ :* occurs when infection or products of infection are carried throughout the body by the blood. 🌀 *_Soiled_ :* To make or become dirty especially with human excreta. 🌀 *_Sterilization_* : It is the destruction of all the micro-organisms, both pathogenic and non- pathogenic including their spores. 🌀 *_Transmission_* : A transfer, e.g., transmission of disease from one person to another.