https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VacyWp52kNFk9c6opU3Z Magrades 7 vari kuda kuitirwa munoti bata Pa078334149 For more projects call *Mr Moyo pA0783341494* Project Title: Soap Making for Beginners Objectives: 1. To understand the basic ingredients and process of soap making. 2. To create a simple soap using natural ingredients. 3. To develop practical skills and teamwork. Materials: 1. Oils: coconut oil, olive oil, palm oil 2. Lye (sodium hydroxide) 3. Distilled water 4. Thermometer 5. Colorants (optional): herbs, spices, essential oils 6. Fragrance oils (optional) 7. Soap mold Safety Precautions: 1. Wear protective gear: goggles, gloves, apron. 2. Handle lye with care: avoid skin contact, inhalation. 3. Work in a well-ventilated area. Procedure: *Step 1: Prepare the Lye Solution* 1. Measure the lye and distilled water. 2. Slowly add the lye to the water, stirring carefully. 3. Monitor the temperature (should reach 100°F to 110°F). *Step 2: Prepare the Oil Blend* 1. Measure the oils. 2. Mix the oils in a separate container. *Step 3: Combine the Lye Solution and Oil Blend* 1. Slowly pour the lye solution into the oil blend. 2. Use an immersion blender to mix until saponification occurs. *Step 4: Add Colorants and Fragrance (Optional)* 1. Add herbs, spices, or essential oils for color and fragrance. 2. Mix well. *Step 5: Pour into Soap Mold* 1. Pour the soap mixture into the mold. 2. Tap the mold gently to remove air bubbles. *Step 6: Allow the Soap to Set* 1. Let the soap set and harden for 24 to 48 hours. 2. Remove the soap from the mold. 3. Cut the soap into bars. Tips and Variations: 1. Experiment with different oils and fragrances. 2. Add exfoliating ingredients like oatmeal or coffee grounds. 3. Create layered or swirled soap designs. Assessment: 1. Observe students' ability to follow safety protocols. 2. Evaluate their understanding of the soap-making process. 3. Assess the quality of their finished soap products. Conclusion: This soap-making project introduces junior class students to the basics of soap creation, emphasizing safety, teamwork, and creativity.