Q.)Audit reports on several development initiatives in India often point out inefficiencies in public expenditure. What are these inefficiencies, and what measures can be implemented to rectify them? (Answer in 150 words) 📍 Introduction ✅ Efficient public expenditure is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and driving inclusive development. ✅ However, audit reports, especially from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), highlight inefficiencies in public spending, affecting the success of various government initiatives. 📍 Inefficiencies in Public Expenditure ✅ Non-Spending of Allocated Funds Funds remain unspent due to governance issues and administrative delays. 📌 Example: CAG’s Clean Ganga Mission Report (2017) noted ₹2,500 crore unspent balance. ✅ Diversion of Funds Funds meant for specific programs are used for ineligible purposes. 📌 Example: CAG’s Disaster Management Report (2017) found 25% of funds in J&K were diverted. ✅ Irregular & Wasteful Expenditure Mismanagement & poor planning lead to unnecessary expenses. 📌 Example: CAG’s Goa Government Audit (2020) flagged wasteful spending. ✅ Misallocation & Misutilization of Funds Welfare schemes suffer from leakages & mismanagement. 📌 Example: Parliamentary reports highlight inefficiencies in Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Mid-Day Meal, and PM Awas Yojana. 📍 Measures to Address Inefficiencies ✅ Reorienting Budget with SDGs Align national expenditure with SDG goals for better development outcomes. 📌 Example: States like Haryana & Maharashtra are integrating SDGs into budgets. ✅ Expenditure Reforms Implement sunset clauses, e-procurement, and rationalization of schemes to curb inefficiencies. ✅ Better Scheme Formulation Engage state governments in scheme design & implementation for better coordination. ✅ Creating Expert Oversight Institutions Strengthen NITI Aayog or establish a Centre-State Expenditure Commission for better oversight. 📍 Conclusion ✅ Addressing inefficiencies in public spending is vital for ensuring development goals are met effectively. ✅ Continuous governance reforms, strict oversight, and improved planning will make public expenditure more efficient and impactful.