Here are the answers to the entomology questions: 1. Two key pests of Amaranthus: Amaranthus Webworm (Spodoptera exigua) Family: Noctuidae Order: Lepidoptera Aphids (Aphis gossypii) Family: Aphididae Order: Hemiptera 2. Biology of Moringa Bud Worm (Helicoverpa armigera): The adult is a moth with a wingspan of about 30–40 mm. The female lays eggs on the flower buds, tender leaves, and fruits. The larvae, after hatching, feed on the flower buds, tender leaves, and young fruits, causing significant damage. The larval period lasts for 12-18 days. The pupa forms in the soil and the moth emerges in about 10-14 days. 3. Symptoms of damage caused by the Citrus Butterfly (Papilio demoleus): The larvae feed on the tender leaves, buds, and fruits, leading to defoliation. The characteristic damage is visible as chewed leaves with holes, affecting plant growth. If severe, it can result in reduced fruit yield and stunted plant growth. 4. Symptoms of damage caused by Sapota Chikoo Moth (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta): The larvae bore into the fruits, causing internal feeding damage. The damage results in premature fruit drop and rotting. Infected fruits may show external entry holes and discoloration. 5. Biology of Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius): The adult weevil is a small, dark brown insect. Females lay eggs on the vine or in the storage roots. The larvae burrow into the tubers, creating tunnels and causing internal damage. The feeding damages the tubers, making them unmarketable, and the plants may exhibit wilting and stunted growth. 6. Egg period and larval period of Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea operculella): Egg period: 4-5 days Larval period: 12-20 days 7. Symptoms of attack by Cardamom Shoot, Panicle, and Capsule Borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis): The larvae bore into the shoot, causing stunted growth and wilting. The panicles and capsules also show internal feeding damage, leading to poor seed or fruit formation. Infested plants may have discolored or deformed capsules. 8. Two Sandalwood pests: Sandalwood Stem Borer (Buprestis spp.) Sandalwood Bark Beetle (Xyleborus spp.) 9. Scientific name of Onion Thrips: Scientific Name: Thrips tabaci Family: Thripidae Order: Thysanoptera 10. Biology of Chilli Muranai Mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus): The adult is a tiny, yellowish mite. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves. The larvae hatch from the eggs and feed on the leaf tissue, causing stippling. Feeding damage results in leaf curl, discoloration, and reduced yield. 11. Non-insect pest attacking Tuberose crop: Rodents (e.g., rats, which may feed on the bulbs) 12. Scientific name of Chrysanthemum Thrips: Scientific Name: Frankliniella occidentalis 13. Borer and Leaf Feeder Pest from Cruciferous Crops: Borer pest: Cabbage Root Maggot (Delia radicum) Leaf feeder pest: Cabbage Butterfly (Pieris brassicae) Biology of Cabbage Butterfly: The adult is a white butterfly with black spots on the wings. Females lay eggs on the underside of leaves. The larvae feed on the leaves, causing significant damage through defoliation. The larval period lasts about 10-14 days before pupating and emerging as an adult. Let me know if you need further details!