*ALL PHYSICS FORMULAS* *🌀 MEASUREMENTS* 1. Smallest unit of measurement by; HiMeasurement tape → 1 cm or 1mm Meter rule or half meter rule → 0.1 cm or 1 mm Vernier caliper → 0.01 cm or 0.1 mm Screw gauge → 0.001 cm or 0.01 mm 2. θ = s/r 3. 2π rad = 3600 4. 3600 = 1 revolution 5. 1 radian = 57.30 6. 1 degree = 60 minute 7. 1 minute = 60 seconds 8. Angle at circle is 2π radian. 9. Angle at sphere is 4π steradian. 10. Volume of slid cylinder = πr2l 11. Area of sphere = 4πr2 12. Volume of sphere = 4/3 πr3 13. Dimension of velocity = [LT-1] 14. Dimension of acceleration= [LT-2] 15. Energy of photon; E = hf 16. Time period of pendulum; T = 2π *🌀 VECTORS AND SCALAR* 17. Commutative property of vector= A+B = B+A 18. Fx =F cosθ 19. Fy = Fsinθ 20. F = 21. A.B = AB cos θ 22. A x B = AB sin θ 23. Scalar product; work and power 24. Vector product; torque 25. τ = r x F 26. First condition of equilibrium; ∑F = 0 27. Second condition of equilibrium; ∑τ = 0 *🌀MOTION AND FORCE* 28. v = s/t 29. a = v/t 30. vf = vi +at 31. s = vit + ½ at2 32. 2as = vf2 – vi2 33. S = vave x t 34. Vave =( vi + vf )/2 35. g = 9.8 ms-2 = 32 ft-2 36. F = ma 37. a = v/t 38. P = mv 39. P = F t 40. Impulse; J = F x t = ∆P 41. J = ∆P 42. Law of conservation of momentum; ∆p = 0 43. Elastic collision in one dimension; [v1 + v2] = [v1’+ v2’] 44. Magnitude of projectile velocity; Vf = 45. Height of projectile; H = vi2sin2θ/2g 46. Time of flight; T = 2 vi sinθ/g 47. Time of summit or time to reach to highest point; T = vi sinθ/g 48. Range; R = vi2 sin 2θ/g 49. Rmax = vi2/g 50. R = Rmax at 450 *🌀 WORK ENERGY POWER* 51. W = Fd cosθ 52. Power; p=W/t or p =Fv 53. 1 watt = Js-1 54. 1 hp = 746 watts 55. K.E = ½ mv2 56. P.E = mgh 57. Efficiency = output/input = W x D/P x d 58. Absolute potential energy =Fr = - GmMe/Re (- because work is done against gravity) 59. Gravitational potential = E/m = GMe/Re 60. For escape velocity compare K.E with Absolute potential energy; vesc = → vesc = 61. G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2 62. Re = 6.4 x 106 m 63. Me = 6 x 1024 kg 64. Vesc = 11.2 x 103 ms-1 65. Wh = K.E + fh → (Wh = loss in potential energy) 66. Loss in P.E = Gain inn K.E + work done against friction 67. E = mc2 →(c= 3 x 108 ms-1) *🌀CIRCULAR MOTION* 68. Angular velocity; ω = ∆θ/∆t 69. Angular acceleration; α = ∆ω/∆t → a = α x r 70. v = r ω 71. Fc = mv2/r 72. ac = -(v2/r) 73. Centrifugal force= mv2/rTo join our WhatsApp Channel for Mdcat 2025 WhatsApp us at 03451624614 74. F sin θ = mv2/r 75. F cos θ = mg 76. Tan θ = v2/gr 77. Τorque = r F = rma = rm (rα) =( r2m)α = I α 78. Moment of inertia; I = mr2 79. Ring or thin walled cylinder inertia(I) = MR2 80. Disc or solid cylinder inertia = ½ MR2 81. Disc inertia = ½ M (R22 + R12 ) 82. Solid sphere inertia = 2/5 MR2 83. Solid rod or meter stick inertia = 1/12 Ml2 84. Rectangular plate inertia = 1/12 M (a2+b2) 85. Angular momentum = L = r x p = r mv = rmrω =r2mω = Iω 86. L = rmv → L/t = rmv/t = rma = rF = τ 87. L/t = τ 88. Linear kinetic energy = ½ mv2 89. Rotational kinetic energy = ½ Iω2 90. Velocity of hoop = v = 91. Velocity of disc = v = 92. Critical velocity = v = 7.9 km2 93. The orbital velocity = v = 94. Lift at rest → T =w 95. Lift moving downward → T = w – ma 96. Lift moving upward → T = w + ma 97. Lift falling freely = T mg-ma = 0 98. Frequency for artificial satellite → f = *🌀FLUID DYNAMICS* 99. Drag force → Fd = 6 πη r v 100. Terminal velocity → vt = 101. Continuity equation → A1 v1 = A2 v2 102. Av=∆V/∆t = constant 103. ∆m/∆t = ρ ∆V/∆t 104. Bernoulli’s Equation = P + ½ ρv2 + ρgh = constant 105. Torricelli’s Theorem → v = 106. Flow meter or the venture meter → v1 = *🌀 OSCILLATIONS* 107. Frequency → f=1/T 108. Angular frequency → ω = 2πf 109. Time period → T = 2π/ω 110. Velocity of projection → vy = ω 111. Simple pendulum time period → T = 2π 112. Simple pendulum potential energy = ½ kx2 113. Simple pendulum kinetic energy = ½ kx02 -½ kx2t 114. Total energy of simple pendulum = ½ kx02 115. Resonance frequency = Fn = nf1 116. Phase → θ =ω t *🌀 WAVES* 117. Transverse wave speed → 118. Longitudinal waves speed → 119. Phase change→ 2π = λ 120. Phase difference → δ = 2π/λ 121. Speed of sound by newton → v = = 281 ms-1 122. Laplace correction → v = = 332 ms-1 *🌀Chap No.11 ELECTROSTATICS* 123. 1 e = 1.602 x 10-19 C 124. Q = ne 125. Coulomb’s Law; F = k 126. K = 127. K = 9.0 x 109 N m2 C-2 128. εo = 8.85 x 10 -12 C2 N-1 m-2 129. εr = 130. Fmed = 131. E = = = K 132. Ф = E A cos θ = N m2 C-1 133. Ф = 134. E due to sheet of charge; E = 135. E due to charge palates; E = 136. V = = Volt = Joule / Coulomb 137. Electric potential energy; U = 138. Electric potential; V = = = 139. Potential Gradient = E = - 140. 1 eV =1.602 x 10-19 C x 1V → (1 eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J) 141. C = = C V-1 = farad 142. Charge density; σ = 143. Cvac = = = 144. εr = Cmed / Vvac 146. Capacitors In Series; 147. Q = Q1 = Q2 =Q3 148. V =V1 + V2 + V3 149. 1/Ce = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 150. Capacitors In Parallel; 151. Q = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 152. V = V1 + V2 +V3, 153. Ce = C1 + C2 + C3 154. Electric dipole; P = q d 155. Energy = U = = (Ed)2 156. Energy density; E2 157. Maximum charge on capacitor = C x e.m.f 158. q/q0 = 63.2 % →for charging 159. q/q0 = 36.7 % →for discharging 160. q = q0 (1-e-t/RC ) →for charging 161. q = q0 e-t/RC →for discharging *🌀Chap No. 12 CURRENT ELECTRICITY* 162. Current, I = Q/t → C s-1 = A 163. Drift velocity order = 10-5 m/s. 164. V = IR 165. Tan θ = I/V = 1/R 166. Resistance, R = V/I → 1Ω = 1V/1A 167. R = ρ L/A → Ω.m 168. Conductance, G = 1/R → Siemen(S) or mho 169. Conductivity, σ = 1/ρ =L/RA →mho/m or S/m 170. Pure metals R inc with T inc. 171. Electrolytes and insulators, R dec with T inc. 172. ΔR = αR0 T → RT = R0 (1+αT) 173. Temperature co-efficient of Resistance, α = RT – R0/R0T → K-1 174. Resistivity, ρ T = ρ 0 (1+αT) OR α = ρ T – ρ 0/ ρ 0T → K-1 175. Electromotive Force, ε = W/q → 1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb 176. Open circuit, I = 0 so V= ε 177. Terminal Voltage, Vt = ε - Ir 178. Power, P = W/t = VI → 1 Watt = 1V x 1A 179. 1 kWh = 1 unit of electrical energy 180. 1 J = 1W x 1s 181. Maximum output power, (Pout)max = ε2 /4r = ε2 /4R 182. Thermo emf, ε = αT + ½ βT2 183. KCL, ƩI = 0 184. KVL, Ʃε = ƩV = ƩIR 185. KCL based on L.O.C.O.CHARGE 186. KVL based on L.O.C.O.ENERGY 187. Wheatstone Bridge, X = PQ/R 188. Potentiometer, ε2 /ε1 = I2 /I1 189. Tan θ = I/V = 1/R To join our WhatsApp Channel for Mdcat 2025 WhatsApp us at 03451624614 *🌀Chap No. 13 ELECTROMAGNETISM* 190. Force on current carrying wire, F=BIL sin θ. 191. Magnetic field or magnetic induction, B = F/IL →1 tesla =1 NA-1 m-1 = 1 Wb m-2 192. 1 T = 104 G 193. Magnetic Flux, Ф = B A cos θ → 1 Wb = 1 N m A-1. 194. Ampere’s Law, B I/r = μ0 (I/2πr) OR ƩB.ΔL = μ0 I 195. Bnet = B1 + B2 196. Magnetic field due to current carrying solenoid, B = μ0 n I → n=N/L 197. Motion of charge particle in uniform magnetic field, F=q v B sin θ 198. Centripetal Force = Magnetic force → mv2/r = qvB 199. Time period of charge particle in B, T = 2πm/qB 200. Frequency of charge particle in B, f = qB/2πm 201. Velocity selector, FE = FM → qE = qvB → v = E/B 202. Torque on current carrying coil, τ = NBIA cos θ 203. Ρestoring torque, τ = C θ 204. Galvanometer, NBIA cos θ = C θ → I = Cθ/NAB → I θ 205. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter, small R connected in parallel 206. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter, large R in series are connected 207. Ammeter, Rs = Rg Ig / (I – Ig) → Ideal ammeter → 0 R 208. Voltmeter, Rh = (V/Ig) – Rg → Ideal voltmeter → infinite R To join our WhatsApp Channel for Mdcat 2025 WhatsApp us at 03451624614 *🌀Chap No. 14 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION* 209. Faraday’s Law, ε N (ΔФ/Δt) → ε = N (ΔФ/Δt ) 210. Lenz Law, ε = –N (ΔФ/Δt ) 211. Flux motional emf, ε = Blv sin θ 212. Rate of work done, W= Bilv 213. Rate of production of electrical energy, energy =ε I 214. W = energy → Bilv = εI → ε = Blv 215. Power, P = F v 216. ε = L ΔI/Δt or ε = N ΔФ/Δt → LI = NФ 217. Self-Inductance, L = NФ /I 218. ε = M ΔI/Δt or ε = N ΔФ/Δt → MI = NФ 219. Mutually inductance, M = NФ /I 220. F = 1/T 221. Induced emf, ε = NAB cosωt or NAB ω sinωt 222. ε = εmax sin ωt 223. Back emf, V = ε + IR 224. Ns / Np = Vs / Vp = Ip /Is *🌀Chap 16 PHYSICS OF SOLIDS* 225. Elastic modulus = 226. Tensile stress = 227. Tensile strain = 228. Young modulus = = Nm-2 229. Shear stress = 230. Shear strain = = tan θ 231. Shear modulus = rigidity modulus = = 232. Bulk or volume stress = 233. Bulk modulus (in fluids) = Δp = 234. Volume strain =- 235. Bulk modulus = = 236. Stress strain (Hook’s law) 237. A = r2 238. W = ½Fe (work done on stretching wire). 239. Strain energy = ½ F e 240. Strain energy per unit volume = = ½ (stress) (strain ) *🌀Chap 18 DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS* 241. E = m0 c2 242. L= L0 243. T = t0 244. M = m0 245. λmax T = 0.2898 x 10-2 m k (Wein’s displacement law) 246. E = σ T4 (Steffan-Bolts Law) 247. σ = 5.67 x 10-8 Wm-1 K-4 248. E = n h f 249. K.Emax = e V0 250. K.Emax = h f – Ф 251. H f0 = Ф = 252. K.Emax = hf - Hf0 253. Hf = K.E +hf’ 254. P= 255. Δλ = 1- 256. = + 1- 257. Ephoton = Eelectron + Epositron To join our WhatsApp Channel for Mdcat 2025 WhatsApp us at 03451624614 258. Photon rest mass energy = 2m0c2 = 1.02 MeV 259. = mve- + mve+ 260. λ = = 261. Δp = and Δx = λ 262. (Δp)(Δx) = h 263. (ΔE)(Δt) = h *🌀Chap 19 ATOMIC SPECTRA* 264. = R ( - ) 265. R =E0 / hc = 1.097 x 107m-1. 266. mvr = nh/2π. 267. h = planks constant = 6.6256 x 10-34 j s. 268. E = hf = En – Ep 269. rn = 270. En = - 271. En = = 2.17 x 10-18 j/ n2 = +13.6 ev/ n2 272. rn = n2 r1 → r1 = 0.53 0A. 273. 1 0A = 10- m 274. 2πr=nλ 275. eV → hfmax = hc/λmin 276. λmin = hc/eV 277. excited state for 10-8 s. 278. metastable state for 10-3 s To join our WhatsApp Channel for Mdcat 2025 WhatsApp us at 03451624614 *🌀Chap 20 NUCLEAR PHYSICS* 279. Nuclear size is of the order of 10-14 m. 280. The mass of the nucleus is of the order of 10-27 kg. 281. ½ mv2 = Vq 282. Bqv = mv2/r 283. Bqv = mv2/r → m = Bqr/v 284. ½ mv2 = Vq → v2 = 2Vq/m 285. So m = qr2B2/2V 286. Δm = Zmp + Nmn – M(A,Z) 287. The binding energy in MeV is 931 x Δm. 288. The binding energy per nucleon = Eb/A. 289. 0n1 → 1H1 + -1β0 + antineutrino 12 MIN 290. ΔN/Δt =-λN 291. R =- ΔN/Δt =λN 292. N= N0e-λt 293. 1 Bq = 1 decay per second 294. 1 Ci = 3.70 x 1010 decay/s 295. λT ½ = 0.693 296. The charge on u,t and c, in term of electron is +2/3e. 297. The charge on s,t and b in term of electron is -1/3e. 298. proton =2U→D. 299. neutron