
BTR 2.0(FLASHCARD)&FMGE, NEET PG || INICET
February 20, 2025 at 12:07 PM
*_Poland syndrome_*
can cause breast hypoplasia, which means the breast may be underdeveloped or absent. It's a rare congenital disorder that affects the chest, shoulder, arm, and hand.
Symptoms
Hypoplasia or absence of the breast or nipple
Scarcity of subcutaneous tissue
Absence of the costosternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle
Absence of the pectoralis minor muscle
Aplasia or deformity of the costal cartilages or ribs
Alopecia of the axillary and mammary region
Treatment
Breast reconstruction:
Tissue expansion can be used to stretch the contracted skin and potentially lower the raised nipple
A latissimus muscle flap can be used with or without a permanent implant to reconstruct the breast
Lipomodelling can be used to correct breast and chest wall deformities
Other features
Missing or underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body
Abnormal ribs that sometimes can lead to breathing problems
Hand abnormalities such as short or fused fingers
Shortened forearm bones
Heart, lung, or kidney problems.

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