*Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the skin* *Anatomy & Physiology* 1. Which is the outermost layer of the skin? a) Dermis b) Epidermis c) Hypodermis d) Subcutaneous tissue 2. What type of cells produce melanin? a) Keratinocytes b) Langerhans cells c) Melanocytes d) Merkel cells 3. Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and growth? a) Stratum corneum b) Stratum lucidum c) Stratum basale d) Stratum granulosum 4. Which protein is primarily responsible for the waterproof nature of the skin? a) Collagen b) Keratin c) Elastin d) Melanin 5. What is the primary function of the dermis? a) Protect against UV radiation b) Provide insulation c) Contain sensory receptors and blood vessels d) Produce keratinocytes 6. The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) is mainly composed of: a) Cartilage b) Adipose tissue c) Epithelial tissue d) Bone 7. What type of gland produces sweat? a) Sebaceous gland b) Apocrine gland c) Sudoriferous gland d) Ceruminous gland 8. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? a) Thermoregulation b) Vitamin C synthesis c) Protection against pathogens d) Sensory perception 9. What is the role of Langerhans cells in the skin? a) Detect touch stimuli b) Produce keratin c) Act as antigen-presenting cells d) Secrete sebum 10. Which of the following is true about sebaceous glands? a) They produce sweat b) They are found only on the scalp c) They secrete an oily substance called sebum d) They are active throughout life without hormonal influence *Clinical & Pathophysiology* 11. A patient with jaundice presents with yellow discoloration of the skin due to: a) Increased melanin b) Excess bilirubin c) Hemoglobin deficiency d) Carotene accumulation 12. A deep burn that destroys both the epidermis and dermis is classified as: a) First-degree burn b) Second-degree burn c) Third-degree burn d) Fourth-degree burn 13. The most common cause of acne is: a) Fungal infection b) Blockage of sweat glands c) Overproduction of sebum and bacterial infection d) Vitamin deficiency 14. A patient with a butterfly-shaped rash on the face might have: a) Eczema b) Psoriasis c) Lupus erythematosus d) Vitiligo 15. Which type of skin cancer is the most dangerous? a) Basal cell carcinoma b) Squamous cell carcinoma c) Melanoma d) Actinic keratosis 16. Which of the following conditions results in loss of skin pigmentation? a) Erythema b) Vitiligo c) Rosacea d) Dermatitis 17. Which test is used to diagnose fungal infections of the skin? a) Wood's lamp examination b) Gram stain c) Patch test d) Biopsy 18. The skin disorder characterized by silver, scaly plaques is: a) Eczema b) Psoriasis c) Urticaria d) Tinea versicolor 19. The "ABCDE rule" is used to assess: a) Skin infections b) Acne severity c) Melanoma detection d) Psoriasis stages 20. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with contact dermatitis? a) Type I (IgE-mediated) b) Type II (Cytotoxic) c) Type III (Immune complex-mediated) d) Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity) *Wound Healing & Miscellaneous* 21. Which phase of wound healing involves fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition? a) Inflammatory phase b) Proliferative phase c) Maturation phase d) Hemostasis phase 22. A keloid is characterized by: a) Localized skin infection b) Excessive scar tissue growth c) Loss of skin elasticity d) Necrotic tissue formation 23. Which of the following is a primary lesion? a) Scar b) Ulcer c) Papule d) Fissure 24. What is the best way to prevent pressure ulcers in bedridden patients? a) Applying antibiotics regularly b) Encouraging prolonged bed rest c) Frequent repositioning and pressure relief d) Using steroid creams 25. Which vitamin is crucial for wound healing? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D