The Supreme Court on Wednesday laid down the principles regarding the permissibility of the registration of a second First Information Report (FIR) for the same incident or same set of circumstances. The Bench of Justices Sanjay Karol and Prashant Kumar Mishra laid down the following five principles/ conditions which permit lodging of a second FIR: - When the second FIR is counter-complaint or presents a rival version of a set of facts, in reference to which an earlier FIR already stands registered; - When the ambit of the two FIRs is different even though they may arise from the same set of circumstances; - When investigation and/or other avenues reveal the earlier FIR or set of facts to be part of a larger conspiracy. - When investigation and/or persons related to the incident bring to the light hitherto unknown facts or circumstances. - Where the incident is separate; offences are similar or different. *Case Name: State of Rajasthan vs Surendra Singh Rathore*