# **Detailed SUMMARY of the Article "A World Shaped by Trump," by Muhammad Amir Rana, Dawn, February 2nd, 2025**: The article examines the global impact of Donald Trump’s policies, emphasizing his authoritarian and populist approach to reshaping both domestic and international orders. Trump’s agenda, rooted in the principle of “might is right,” prioritizes economic and strategic dominance over diplomacy, human rights, and sovereignty. His administration’s harsh immigration policies, including mass deportations and forced relocations, have sparked global criticism and humanitarian crises. The article highlights Trump’s expansionist tendencies, such as his remarks about capturing Canada and Greenland, which align with historical revisionism and nationalist populism. These policies have emboldened similar ideologies worldwide, including India’s “Akhand Bharat” (Greater India) concept, which threatens regional stability and marginalizes religious minorities. The author also critiques Trump’s Middle East strategy, particularly his support for Israel’s aggression and forced population transfers in Gaza, which violate international law. Despite resistance from allies and domestic critics, Trump’s “America First” doctrine continues to prioritize coercion over negotiation, neglecting regions like the Democratic Republic of Congo. The article concludes by noting how Pakistan and other nations are adopting Trump-like hardline approaches, particularly against marginalized communities, while voices like Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde offer hope for a more humane world. # **Easy/Short SUMMARY**: Donald Trump’s policies are reshaping the world with a focus on power and control, not diplomacy or human rights. His harsh immigration rules, support for Israel’s actions in Gaza, and expansionist ideas like capturing Canada and Greenland are causing global instability. Countries like India are copying his nationalist ideas, which harm minorities and create regional tensions. Even Pakistan is adopting similar hardline approaches. Despite this, voices like Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde remind us to stand for justice and humanity. # **SOLUTIONS of The Problem**: ## **1. Strengthen International Law** Reinforce global institutions like the UN to hold nations accountable for human rights violations and forced population transfers. ## **2. Promote Inclusive Nationalism** Encourage policies that celebrate diversity and protect minority rights, countering exclusionary nationalist ideologies. ## **3. Support Humanitarian Interventions** Increase global efforts to address humanitarian crises, such as those in Gaza and the Democratic Republic of Congo. ## **4. Counter Expansionist Rhetoric** Challenge expansionist ideologies like “Akhand Bharat” and “Greater Russia” through diplomatic and educational initiatives. ## **5. Protect Migrant Rights** Advocate for fair immigration policies that respect the dignity and rights of migrants and refugees. ## **6. Foster Regional Cooperation** Encourage South Asian nations to work together to address shared challenges, reducing tensions and promoting stability. ## **7. Empower Civil Society** Support voices like Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde that advocate for justice and inclusivity in the face of authoritarianism. ## **8. Address Root Causes of Migration** Invest in development and conflict resolution to reduce forced migration and displacement. ## **9. Promote Ethical Leadership** Encourage leaders to prioritize human rights and diplomacy over coercion and expansionist agendas. ## **10. Raise Global Awareness** Highlight the dangers of authoritarian populism and its impact on global stability through media and education. # **IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the Article**: - Trump’s immigration policies include mass deportations and forced relocations, such as moving Gaza’s population to Egypt and Jordan. - Trump imposed **25% tariffs** on Colombian exports after Colombia refused to accept deported migrants. - The concept of “Akhand Bharat” (Greater India) threatens regional stability and marginalizes religious minorities. - Trump’s “America First” doctrine prioritizes economic and strategic dominance over traditional diplomacy. - The Democratic Republic of Congo’s insurgency has been neglected by the West, reflecting a shift away from humanitarian interventions. # **IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the Article**: - Trump’s second inauguration marked a shift from the US-led international rules-based order to a “might is right” approach. - The BJP’s pledge to expel Bangladeshi and Rohingya immigrants aligns with Trump’s exclusionary nationalism. - Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde’s speech at the National Prayer Service highlighted the need for mercy and justice. # **MCQs from the Article**: ### 1. **What principle is Trump’s global order based on?** A. Diplomacy and human rights **B. Might is right** C. Economic equality D. Environmental sustainability ### 2. **What did Trump impose on Colombia after it refused deported migrants?** A. Sanctions **B. 25% tariffs** C. Military intervention D. Diplomatic isolation ### 3. **Which concept threatens regional stability in South Asia?** A. Greater Russia **B. Akhand Bharat** C. Pax Americana D. Greater Persia ### 4. **What does Trump’s “America First” doctrine prioritize?** A. Human rights **B. Economic and strategic dominance** C. Environmental protection D. Humanitarian interventions ### 5. **Who advocated for mercy towards marginalized communities during Trump’s National Prayer Service?** A. Amit Shah **B. Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde** C. Gustavo Petro D. Ivo H. Daalder # **VOCABULARY**: 1. **Populist** (adjective) (عوامی): Relating to a political approach that appeals to ordinary people. 2. **Deportation** (noun) (ملک بدری): The action of expelling a person from a country. 3. **Expansionist** (adjective) (توسیع پسند): Seeking to extend a nation’s power or territory. 4. **Authoritarianism** (noun) (آمریت): The enforcement of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom. 5. **Coercion** (noun) (زبردستی): The practice of persuading someone to do something by force or threats. 6. **Realpolitik** (noun) (حقیقی سیاست): Politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations. 7. **Humanitarian** (adjective) (انسانی): Concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare. 8. **Exclusionary** (adjective) (اخراجی): Intended to exclude or restrict certain groups. 9. **Revisionism** (noun) (نظریاتی تبدیلی): The revision of an established theory or doctrine. 10. **Destabilisation** (noun) (عدم استحکام): The process of undermining the stability of a region or government. --- 📢 **Attention Please!** We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please acknowledge the source and effort by not removing the attribution label. Unauthorized distribution is discouraged. ⚡ **Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary!** 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y dawn.com A world shaped by Trump Muhammad Amir Rana 7–8 minutes THERE is no distinction between defying a callous tyrant and boldly upholding the truth in the face of the world’s most powerful populist leader. In some cases, it becomes even more challenging, as enduring trolling and humiliation from followers of populist leaders on social media is not easy. One must praise Washington’s Episcopal bishop, the Right Reverend Mariann Edgar Budde, who courageously addressed President Donald Trump during the National Prayer Service last month, after his inauguration. She urged him to extend mercy to marginalised communities, including the LGBTQ+ community and undocumented migrant workers. What she had to say did not lead President Trump to reconsider his executive orders, including deportation policies and new immigration regulations. However, her courage will be remembered by those who choose to stand on the right side of history. President Trump appears to remain determined to implement his agenda of reshaping America’s internal and global order, despite resistance to his paradoxical motives. Deportation flights between the US and Colo­m­bia resumed following a stand-off that shed light on how the Trump administration intends to handle countries resisting the large-scale return of mig­rants. Colombian President Gustavo Petro ini­tially refused to accept two US military planes car­­rying deported migrants, prompting Mr Trump to order 25 per cent tariffs on Colombian exports. President Trump is shaping a global order based on the principle of ‘might is right’. The US administration is not only pursuing deportations; it also appears to have plans to uproot people from their homes and lands, which can unleash another wave of global migration. The administration seems determined to carry out its Middle East agenda, which includes sweeping political and social engineering steps, such as the forced relocation of Gaza’s population in Egypt and Jordan. In a recent Foreign Affairs commentary, Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay reflected on Trump’s policies, stating, “Pax Americana is gone. Born with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour on Dec 7, 1941, the US-led international rules-based order died with the second inauguration of Donald J. Trump”. President Trump is shaping a global order based on the principle of ‘might is right’, an approach which while suppressing immigrants and weaker nations in the short term will also result in an unjust world system — one that emboldens authoritarianism, chips away further at human rights, and oppresses vulnerable groups. This can only weaken social and national cohesion in developing and semi-democratic nations across the globe. The most dangerous precedent that Trump’s vision will set is his exploitation of expansionist tendencies. His remarks about capturing Canada and Greenland may have roots in American history, but similar territorial ambitions exist in many nations worldwide. Expansionist beliefs, which are often built on nationalist rhetoric and stoked by radical political actors, threaten global stability — they can reignite territorial disputes and justify aggression under the cover of historical claims. Expansionist theories and ‘Greater Nation’ notions, such as ‘Akhand Bharat’ (Greater India), Greater Persia, and Greater Russia, advocate the extension of national influence based on historical, ethnic, or cultural claims. These ideas are often driven by historical revisionism, nationalist populism, and geopolitical ambitions. Under President Trump, the US has joined that league. President Trump’s ‘America First’ doctrine and his approach towards immigration are deeply rooted in expansionist ideologies. They shape US foreign policy in ways that prioritise economic and strategic dominance over traditional diplomacy. Despite criticism and rejection from key allies like Egypt, Jordan, and even some Republicans, Trump’s administration continues to emphasise coercion over negotiation, particularly in the Middle East and Ukraine. Trump’s ideology echoes America’s broader expansionist realpolitik, with strategic goals prioritised over human rights and sovereignty. Such a stance not only lends validity to Israeli aggression but can also set a precedent for forced population transfers, violating international law. Meanwhile, the detention of Palestinian children without charge in Israel under that country’s controversial laws brings into focus the deepening humanitarian crisis that Trump’s administration appears willing to overlook in its advancement of a pro-Israel, destabilisation-driven strategy in the Middle East. Meanwhile, countries and regions that are outside America’s top strategic priorities, or those which have yet to be explored by Washington for economic and geopolitical interests, are being neglected. For instance, the recent uptick in the insurgency in the Democratic Republic of Congo has not received much attention from the West. This points to a shift away from humanitarian interventions and conflict-resolution efforts. Much like Trump’s immigration policies under the ‘America First’ doctrine, Indian Home Minister Amit Shah’s pledge to expel ‘illegal’ Bangladeshi and Rohingya immigrants from Delhi within two years if the BJP wins the upcoming polls demonstrates the weaponisation of migration for political gain — an ideology where citizenship and belonging are increasingly being defined through ethnoreligious exclusivity. Such rhetoric is also supposed to be a message for Bangladesh, which saw a pro-India regime toppled last year, signalling changes in regional political dynamics. But the BJP’s commitment to its expansionist ideology goes further back; and the ruling party’s alignment with Trump’s nationalist vision suggests a broader shift towards authoritarian populism. It is a trajectory that has grave implications for religious minorities in India and its neighbouring countries, particularly those that the BJP sees as part of ‘Akhand Bharat’ or ‘Greater India’. By normalising exclusionary nationalism, India risks not only igniting domestic communal tensions but also regional instability as such policies alienate and antagonise populations across South Asia. Pakistan is not an exception in following Trump’s vision; its state institutions increasingly mirror a hard-line approach towards vulnerable and marginalised communities. The Islamabad administration’s actions and reports on making the federal capital free of Afghan immigrants reflect the same rhetoric and criminalisation tactics that Trump employed during his electoral campaign against immigrants. In turbulent and chaotic times, the only hope one can find comes from voices like that of Right Reverend Mariann Edgar Budde. While they may not drastically alter the Trumpian world, they help make it a more livable place for all. The writer is a security analyst. Published in Dawn, February 2nd, 2025