*Measurements in oil and Gas* Take your time to read, reread, understand and assimilate these details Here is a simplified breakdown of key measurements in oil and gas—easy to follow and practical for understanding: 1. *Volume* (How much oil or gas do we have?) Note that "Barrel (bbl)" is the main unit for measuring crude oil. → 1 barrel = 42 US gallons (~159 liters) *Standard Cubic Feet (scf):* Used for measuring natural gas. → 1 scf = a small cube of gas at standard conditions Million Standard Cubic Feet (MMscf): Big gas measurement. → 1 MMscf = 1 million scf Cubic Meter (m³): Metric system for oil and gas. → 1 m³ = ~6.29 barrels ✅ Example: If a plant produces 50,000 barrels per day (bpd), that’s 50,000 barrels of oil daily. 2. Mass (How heavy is it?) Metric Ton (MT): Weight of crude oil or liquefied gas. → 1 MT of oil = ~7.33 barrels Kilogram (kg): For smaller amounts. → 1 kg = 1,000 grams ✅ Example: 1 metric ton of LNG (liquefied natural gas) equals about 48,700 scf of gas. 3. Energy (How much power does it produce?) British Thermal Unit (BTU): Energy from burning oil or gas. → 1 scf of natural gas = ~1,000 BTUs Million British Thermal Units (MMBTU): Large-scale energy. → 1 MMBTU = 1 million BTUs ✅ Example: If you burn 1 barrel of oil, it produces about 5.8 MMBTU of energy. 4. Pressure (How much force is inside?) This is not so popular Pounds per Square Inch (psi): Measures pressure in pipelines and wells. → 14.7 psi = pressure at sea level Bar is the Metric version of psi. → 1 bar = ~14.5 psi ✅ Example: Gas pipelines usually operate at over 1,000 psi. 5. Temperature (How hot or cold is it?) Degrees Celsius (°C): Metric system (used worldwide). → 0°C = Freezing point of water Degrees Fahrenheit (°F): Used mainly in the US. → 32°F = Freezing point of water ✅ Example: Gas is processed at specific temperatures to keep it safe and usable. 6. Flow Rate (How fast does it move?) Barrels per Day (bpd): Oil production rate.(Very popular) → 1 bpd = 1 barrel of oil per day Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day (MMscfd): Gas flow rate. → 1 MMscfd = 1 million scf daily ✅ Example: The ANOH gas plant produces 300 MMscfd—that’s a huge amount of gas moving every day! 7. Density (How light or heavy is the oil?) API Gravity: Tells you how heavy oil is. → Higher API = lighter oil (easier to refine). ✅ Example: Light crude (API > 31.1°) is more valuable than heavy crude (API < 22.3°). 8. Quick Conversion Cheat Sheet 1 barrel (bbl) = 42 gallons or 159 liters 1 metric ton (MT) of oil = ~7.33 barrels 1 MMBTU = 28.26 m³ of natural gas