The Face of Truth | Ibrahim Shiglawi Sudan: Interests in the Service of National Security Amid internal crises and regional and international challenges, Sudan seems earnest in pursuing strategic options to safeguard its national interests and security, even if that means taking bold stances that may provoke some regional and international powers. In light of the current political and economic complexities, Sudan is striving to redefine its foreign policies to serve its national interests, free from external pressures. By strengthening partnerships with major international powers like Russia, Iran, and China, Sudan is adopting a pragmatic approach that balances national security and economic development. Sudan's Foreign Minister, Ali Youssef, recently announced a "complete agreement" with Russia to establish a Russian naval base on the Red Sea coast, paving the way for military cooperation between the two nations. This agreement, reached after years of negotiations, reflects a shift in Sudan's foreign strategy to enhance its national security by bolstering its defensive capabilities in partnership with major powers like Russia, which has proven to be a loyal partner that respects national sovereignty. The base allows Russia to deploy 300 military personnel and four warships, while providing Sudan with military support that includes modernizing warplanes and drones, and supplying the army with advanced weaponry and intelligence technologies. This step is seen as a strategic necessity amid Sudan’s ongoing war and growing regional threats. Moreover, it strengthens other aspects of economic relations in areas like infrastructure and productive sectors. The Red Sea, one of the world’s most important maritime routes, has become an arena of competition among major powers like the United States and Russia. Given Sudan's strategic location, the establishment of a Russian base not only enhances Sudan's national security but also positions it as a key player in the region’s geopolitical balances. Additionally, the base could contribute to regional stability by combating piracy and terrorism, which pose common threats to countries bordering this vital corridor. On another front, Sudan and Iran have signed an agreement to boost economic and strategic cooperation between the two nations. The agreement includes investments in productive sectors such as agriculture and livestock, as well as the development of the mining sector and enhancement of trade through barter systems. The cooperation also focuses on reconstruction and economic recovery in the post-war period. This agreement comes at a time when Sudan is grappling with economic isolation due to Western sanctions, prompting it to seek alternative partnerships. Iran offers Sudan an opportunity for economic recovery and infrastructure development amidst current challenges. It is expected that Iran will contribute to infrastructure projects, investments in productive sectors and mining, as well as increased trade volume and strengthened banking cooperation. Faced with ongoing Western pressures, including sanctions and demands for a democratic transition aligned with Western visions, Sudan appears to be adopting a more independent policy. Cooperation with Russia, Iran, and China is not merely a series of temporary alliances but part of a long-term strategy that Sudan has previously employed to overcome the effects of U.S. sanctions. Reviving these relationships aims to break Western dominance and regain control over shaping the country’s future. Additionally, Sudan perceives some Western countries and regional actors as having fueled the war by supporting rebellions and certain political factions aligned with them. The growing partnership with China also deserves attention, as Sudanese-Chinese relations span decades and hold additional significance in the current phase. With the war nearing its end, China could play a pivotal role in rebuilding damaged infrastructure. Through the “Belt and Road Initiative,” China could provide soft financing for strategic projects like roads, bridges, and power stations, while also boosting productive sectors like mining and agriculture. Moreover, China could contribute to technology transfer and capacity building in fields such as manufacturing and renewable energy, driving a real economic transformation. Sudan has also signed several economic agreements with China. While these partnerships represent an opportunity to advance national interests, Sudan faces growing challenges from Western powers, which view its engagements with Russia and China as threats to their influence. However, Sudan seems committed to a sovereign approach rooted in its national interests, regardless of external pressures—even if it means clashing with the interests of major powers. The recent decisions to cooperate with Russia and Iran reflect a new policy grounded in national interests, signaling a potential redefinition of Sudan’s regional and international roles in the near future. From this diverse range of partnerships, as evident from "The Face of Truth," it becomes clear that Sudan is adopting a pragmatic foreign policy centered on its national interests and national security, undeterred by international pressures. Whether in national security with Russia or economic development with China and Iran, Sudanese leadership seeks to secure the country’s future amidst unprecedented internal and external challenges. Ultimately, Sudan stands at a historic juncture to forge sustainable partnerships that enhance its sovereignty and stability, free from Western dictates, while relying on fruitful cooperation with partners who share its strategic vision. May you all remain well and healthy. Saturday, February 15, 2025 [email protected]