WHAT IS ELEPHANTIASIS? Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a disease that causes severe swelling of the arms, legs, or genitals, leading to permanent disability in some cases. This condition affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions, and is a leading cause of disability and social stigma. WHAT CAUSES IT? Elephantiasis is caused by tiny parasitic worms called filarial worms. These worms enter the body through mosquito bites. Here’s how it happens: - A mosquito carrying filarial larvae bites a person - The larvae enters the bloodstream, and settles in the lymphatic system. - Over months to years, the worms grow and block lymphatic vessels preventing proper drainage of fluids. - This leads to fluid buildup, severe swelling, and thickening of the skin - known as elephantiasis. WHO’S AT RISK? - People living in tropical and subtropical regions - Those exposed to mosquito bites frequently - People with poor sanitation or stagnant water nearby, where mosquitoes breed. SYMPTOMS OF ELEPHANTIASIS In the early stages, people don’t feel sick even if they have the infection. However, over time, symptoms develop: - Swelling of the legs, arms, breasts or genitals - Thickened, hardened skin that looks rough and like elephant skin - Pain in swollen areas - Fever and chills - Limited movement due to extreme swelling. ⚠️ The swelling is not reversible, making early detection crucial. CAN IT BE TREATED? Before swelling occurs, anti-parasitic medications like diethylcarbamazine (DEC) are used to kill the worms. Additionally, Ivermectin or Albendazole are used in mass drug administration programs to prevent infection. However, once swelling is present, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. - Elevating swollen limbs to reduce buildup of fluid - Wearing compression bandages to control swelling - Washing and moisturizing skin to prevent infections - Antibiotics are given in case of an infection. In severe cases, surgery to remove excess tissue is carried out. HOW CAN IT BE PREVENTED? Prevention focuses on mosquito control and mass drug administration programs. 1. Avoid mosquito bites - Use insect repellent creams - Sleep under mosquito nets - Keep your surroundings clean and remove stagnant water 2. Take preventive medications Many countries engage in mass drug administration programs where communities take anti-filarial drugs to stop the disease from spreading. 3. Improve hygiene and sanitation - Dispose waste properly to prevent breeding - Make sure your drinking water is clean.