Inter-cropping coffee with other trees can be a great way to promote biodiversity, improve soil health, and increase overall farm productivity. Compatibility with Coffee 1. _Pine trees_: Pine trees can be inter-cropped with coffee, but they may require more space and can compete with coffee for water and nutrients. Some pine species, like Pinus caribaea, have been used as shade trees in coffee plantations. 2. _Grevillea trees_: Grevillea trees, also known as silk oak, can be a good match for coffee inter-cropping. They provide shade, improve soil health, and can help attract beneficial insects. Considerations 1. _Shade levels_: Coffee plants typically require partial shade, especially when young. Ensure that the canopy of the pine or Grevillea trees doesn't provide too much shade, which can impact coffee yields. 2. _Soil requirements_: Pine trees prefer well-draining acidic soils, while Grevillea trees are more adaptable to different soil types. Ensure that the soil conditions are suitable for both the coffee and the inter-cropped tree species. 3. _Space and pruning_: Provide adequate space between the coffee plants and the inter-cropped trees. Regular pruning will be necessary to maintain a balanced canopy and prevent competition for resources. 4. _Pest and disease management_: Monitor the inter-cropped trees for pests and diseases that could potentially affect the coffee plants. Benefits 1. _Improved biodiversity_: Inter-cropping promotes biodiversity, which can lead to a more resilient and healthy ecosystem. 2. _Soil erosion control_: Tree roots help hold the soil in place, reducing erosion and soil degradation. 3. _Climate regulation_: Trees provide shade, cooling the microclimate and reducing stress on coffee plants. 4. _Increased productivity_: Inter-cropping can lead to increased overall farm productivity, as the trees provide additional income streams (e.g., timber, fuelwood). In conclusion, inter-cropping coffee with pine or Grevillea trees can be a viable option, provided you consider the specific needs and requirements of each species.