Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction that occurs when the body's immune system overreacts to particles in the air, such as pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander. Here are some key points to know about allergic rhinitis: # Symptoms 1. _Congestion and stuffiness_: Nasal passages become swollen and congested, making it difficult to breathe. 2. _Runny nose_: Thin, clear discharge is common, often accompanied by sneezing. 3. _Itchy nose, eyes, and throat_: Allergic reactions can cause intense itching and discomfort. 4. _Sneezing_: Repeated sneezing is a hallmark symptom of allergic rhinitis. 5. _Fatigue and headache_: Allergic reactions can leave you feeling tired and experiencing headaches. # Causes and Triggers 1. _Pollen_: Trees, grasses, and weeds release pollen, which can trigger allergic reactions. 2. _Dust mites_: Tiny insects that live in bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture can cause allergic reactions. 3. _Mold_: Fungi that thrive in damp environments can trigger allergic reactions. 4. _Pet dander_: Proteins in pet skin, urine, and saliva can cause allergic reactions. 5. _Insect stings_: Certain insect stings, like bee stings, can trigger allergic reactions. # Diagnosis 1. _Medical history_: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. 2. _Physical examination_: A physical examination will help identify any nasal polyps, congestion, or other signs of allergic rhinitis. 3. _Allergy testing_: Skin prick tests or blood tests can help identify specific allergens. # Treatment and Management 1. _Avoidance_: Avoid exposure to known allergens whenever possible. 2. _Medications_: Over-the-counter or prescription medications like antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids can help alleviate symptoms. 3. _Immunotherapy_: Allergy shots or sublingual immunotherapy can help desensitize you to specific allergens. 4. _Nasal filters_: Adhesive filters can be placed inside the nostrils to filter out allergens. 5. _Saline nasal sprays_: Sprays can help moisturize the nasal passages and remove allergens. # Complications 1. _Asthma_: Allergic rhinitis can increase the risk of developing asthma. 2. _Sinusitis_: Chronic inflammation can lead to sinus infections. 3. _Nasal polyps_: Growths in the nasal passages can obstruct breathing. 4. _Ear infections_: Eustachian tube dysfunction can lead to ear infections. # When to Seek Medical Attention 1. _Severe symptoms_: If symptoms are severe, persistent, or worsening. 2. _Difficulty breathing_: If you experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. 3. _Fever_: If you have a fever over 102°F (39°C). 4. _Sinus pressure_: If you experience severe sinus pressure or pain.