Professor Adda NET JRF SET: 🔰 Complete Revision Marathon Topic: Development of Education in India (Till 2025) 📘 Useful for UGC NET Paper 1 – Unit 10 📢 PDF available for Paid 💰 Students 📚 Development of Education in Pre-Independence India 📜 Early Initiatives: 🔹 1781: Calcutta Madrasah – by Warren Hastings 🔹 1791: Sanskrit College, Benaras – by Jonathan Duncan 🔹 1800: Fort William College – by Lord Wellesley 🔹 Serampore Missionaries contributed actively to the spread of education --- 📜 Charter Act of 1813: 🔹 Sanctioned ₹1 lakh annually for education 🔹 Funds were not released until 1823 🔹 1817: Grant for Calcutta College – initiated by Raja Rammohun Roy --- 📜 Macaulay’s Minute (1835): 🔹 Promoted Western education through the English medium 🔹 Neglected mass education 🔹 Introduced the Downward Filtration Theory 🔹 1835: Establishment of Calcutta Medical College * *SUBJECT* Special offer 😍😍 for NET/ JRF/Asst Prof 2⃣0⃣2⃣5⃣ Exam ◾️ *Professors Adda* New Updated edition Till 31 May 2025 Complete syllabus coverage 📚 Theory Notes with Mardarshika Booklet 📚 Unitwise MCQ Bank 📚 Latest PYQs 2024 with Trend Analysis 📚 Model Papers 📑 📚 Amriut facts Revision Notes 📚Test Series  🎯 🔥Premium membership for 1 Year Paper 1 notes Available 📣 📱 *English Medium Content Head Click Here to get* __https://wa.me/+919216009964?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_is 👉 *Pdf notes immediate delivery* Home Delivery Available  🏠 🏠 Best Quality + Best Service  👍💯 📱 *हिंदी मीडियम कंटेंट हेड , क्लिक करे आपको मिल जायेंगे _* https://wa.me/+919257007505?text=Send_me_pdf_ मेरा_विषय_है_ 📞  Book your FREE  Study plan &  talk to our experts Helpline No --- 76900221111 📜 James Thomson’s Scheme (1843–53): 🔹 Promoted vernacular village education in NW provinces 🔹 Aimed to train personnel for Revenue and Public Works Departments --- 📜 Government Order of 1844: 🔹 English made mandatory for government job applicants --- 📘 Wood’s Despatch (1854) – "Magna Carta of Indian Education" 🔹 Accepted state responsibility for educating the masses 🔹 Rejected Downward Filtration Theory 🔹 Primary education in vernacular, English at higher levels 🔹 Emphasis on: Female education Vocational education Teacher training 🔹 Secular education in government institutions 🔹 Grants-in-aid to promote private initiatives --- 🏫 Major Institutional Developments: 🔹 1847: Engineering Institute at Roorkee 🔹 1849: Bethune School, Calcutta – for women 🔹 1856: Calcutta College of Engineering 🔹 1857: Universities at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras 🔹 1858: Poona College of Engineering 🔹 Agricultural Institute at Pusa, Bihar --- 📘 Hunter Commission (1882–83) – by Lord Ripon: 🔹 Focused on primary and secondary education 🔹 Primary education in vernacular 🔹 Control transferred to district and municipal boards 🔹 High School bifurcation: Literary stream – university pathway Vocational stream – career-oriented 🔹 Highlighted poor female education facilities --- 📘 University Developments: 🔹 1882: Punjab University 🔹 1887: Allahabad University --- 📘 Raleigh Commission (1902): 🔹 Reviewed university education 🔹 Recommendations led to: 📘 Indian Universities Act (1904): 🔹 Government given veto power over university decisions 🔹 ₹5 lakh annually sanctioned for 5 years for university development --- 📘 Other Key Developments: 🔹 1906: Compulsory education introduced in Baroda State 🔹 1913: Central Government declined responsibility for compulsory education 🔹 1917–19: Saddler Commission: Reviewed Calcutta University Recommended 12 years of schooling University entry after intermediate (3-year degree course) 🔹 1919: Education transferred to provincial governments --- 📘 Hartog Committee (1929): 🔹 Reviewed educational progress 🔹 Recommended: Vocational training after Class 8 Restricted admissions to control dropout rates --- 📘 Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937): 🔹 National Conference on Education organized by Indian National Congress 🔹 Recommendations by Zakir Hussain Committee 🔹 Key features: Activity-based learning Learning through crafts English introduced after Class 8 Inspired by Gandhi’s Harijan weekly --- 📘 Sergeant Plan (1944): 🔹 Pre-primary education for 3–6 years age group 🔹 Free, universal, and compulsory elementary education (6–11 years) 🔹 Proposed abolition of intermediate course --- 📘 Post-Independence Educational Developments (1947–2025) --- 🔷 1947–1990: Initial Reforms 🔹 1948–49: University Education Commission (Dr. Radhakrishnan) 🔹 1952: Secondary Education Commission (Mudaliar) 🔹 1964–66: Kothari Commission – 10+2+3 pattern, common school system 🔹 1968: First National Policy on Education – Three-language formula 🔹 1976: Education moved to Concurrent List 🔹 1986: Second National Policy on Education – equity, inclusion, women’s education 🔹 1992: Revised NPE – Launched District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) --- 🔷 2000–2010: Focus on Universal Education 🔹 2001: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) – Universal elementary education 🔹 2005: National Curriculum Framework (NCF) – Emphasis on constructivist learning 🔹 2009: Right to Education Act (RTE) – Free & compulsory education for 6–14 yrs --- 🔷 2011–2025: New Education Policy & Digital Push 🔹 2020: National Education Policy (NEP 2020) New 5+3+3+4 curricular structure Target to achieve foundational literacy & numeracy by 2025 Vocational education from Grade 6 Emphasis on mother tongue till Grade 5 Multiple entry-exit options in higher education Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) target of 50% by 2035 🔹 2020: PM eVidya, DIKSHA – Integrated digital learning platforms 🔹 2021: NDEAR – National Digital Education Architecture 🔹 2022: Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) – Credit transfer system 🔹 2023: National Digital University established 🔹 2024: PM SHRI Schools launched – Model upgraded govt schools 🔹 2025: Goal to achieve Foundational Literacy & Numeracy under NEP 2020 --- 📥 Get all PDFs / Notes & Expert Guidance 📲 English Medium: Click here to WhatsApp https://wa.me/+919216009964?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_is 📞 Helpline – 76900221111