*WAEC HISTORY* *NUMBER ONE* (1a) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Oral tradition (ii) Folktales (iii) Myths (iv) Legends (v) Proverbs (vi) Songs and poems (1b) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Distortion of facts: Oral tradition is passed down by word of mouth, which often leads to exaggeration, omission, or alteration of facts over time, making it unreliable for accurate historical reconstruction. (ii) Lack of precise dating: Oral sources do not usually provide exact dates or chronological order of events, making it difficult for historians to construct a detailed and accurate timeline of historical developments. (iii) Influence of bias and personal opinion: Storytellers may insert their personal beliefs, opinions, or cultural biases into the narratives, thus misrepresenting actual events or emphasizing certain aspects over others. (iv) Loss of information over time: As older generations die without passing down all their knowledge, important historical details can be permanently lost, leading to incomplete accounts of the past. (v) Inconsistency between versions: Different versions of the same story often exist within or between communities, making it challenging to determine which version is closer to the historical truth. (vi) Dependence on memory: Oral tradition relies solely on human memory, which is fallible and prone to forgetting, misremembering, or unintentionally mixing up events and characters. (vii) Lack of verifiability: Since oral traditions are not documented or recorded, it becomes extremely difficult to verify the authenticity or accuracy of the information being conveyed. *WAEC HISTORY* *NUMBER SEVEN* (7) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Unification of Nigeria (1914): The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates along with Lagos into a single entity under British rule, which laid the foundation for modern Nigeria. (ii) Introduction of the Clifford Constitution (1922): This was the first constitution to give Nigerians a limited role in governance by allowing for the election of members to the legislative council, albeit with restricted suffrage. (iii) Creation of Regional Governments (1946): The Richard’s Constitution of 1946 created regional governments, which helped in the decentralization of power and gave more autonomy to the regions (Northern, Western, and Eastern regions). (iv) Formation of Political Parties (1940s-1950s): Political organizations like the NCNC (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons), Action Group, and Northern Peoples Congress played a crucial role in the push for independence and self-governance. (v) Expansion of Education (1940s-1960s): Under the British administration, there was significant investment in education, which led to the establishment of more schools and the development of higher education institutions, like the University of Ibadan in 1948. (vi) Economic Development Plans (1950s): The British administration introduced economic policies aimed at modernizing agriculture, industry, and transportation, such as the 1946 and 1954 Development Plans, to foster the growth of the Nigerian economy. (vii) Independence Movement (1950s-1960): The Nigerian government played a role in the negotiation and preparation for Nigerian independence, culminating in Nigeria achieving self-rule on October 1, 1960. (viii) International Relations and Diplomacy (1950s-1960): Nigeria’s involvement in international diplomacy, including the establishment of Nigeria's role in the British Commonwealth and its eventual engagement with the United Nations in 1960, helped solidify its standing as a prominent nation on the African continent. *WAEC HISTORY* *NUMBER EIGHT* (8) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Suppression of Civil Liberties: Military regimes often suspended or limited fundamental human rights, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and the press. This resulted in widespread censorship and the suppression of opposition voices. (ii) Weakening of Democratic Institutions: Military rule undermined democratic institutions by dismantling or weakening the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government. This led to the erosion of checks and balances within the system. (iii) Corruption: Military leaders often engaged in corrupt practices, embezzling state funds and enriching themselves and their allies. The lack of transparency and accountability during military regimes exacerbated corruption at all levels of government. (iv) Human Rights Violations: Military regimes frequently engaged in gross human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, and extrajudicial killings, especially of political opponents or those perceived as a threat to the regime. (v) Stagnation of Economic Development: Military governments often failed to prioritize long-term economic development, leading to mismanagement of resources, inflation, and poverty. Many military regimes focused more on maintaining power than on fostering sustainable growth. (vi) Increased Unemployment and Poverty: Due to poor economic policies, the military governments led to a decline in industries and agriculture, leading to widespread unemployment and an increase in poverty levels across the country. (vii) Political Instability: The frequent coups and changes in leadership during military rule created a cycle of political instability, which hindered national development and made it difficult for the country to maintain steady progress. (viii) Loss of International Credibility: Military regimes often faced condemnation from the international community for violating democratic principles and human rights, leading to sanctions and a loss of global respect and support. This hindered Nigeria's diplomatic relationships and international development prospects.