🔆 List the key features of the tribal policies introduced after independence, and explain the reasons behind the slow progress of tribal communities despite various initiatives. (Answer in 150 words) 📍 Introduction ✅ India adopted a humane approach post-independence, influenced by Nehru’s tribal Panchsheel, focusing on integration without assimilation. 📍 Key Features of Tribal Policies ✅ Self-Development: Tribals to progress along their own cultural lines (Ministry of Tribal Affairs) ✅ Respect for Rights: Protection of tribal rights over land and forests (Tribal Research Institute) ✅ Local Governance: Governance through trained personnel from tribal communities (Planning Commission) ✅ Minimal Over-Administration: Avoid burdening tribal areas with excessive schemes (MoTA) ✅ Quality over Quantity: Emphasis on human development, not just statistics (EPW) 📍 Reasons for Slow Progress ✅ Administrative Inefficiency and biases (Planning Commission) ✅ Low Awareness of legal rights due to illiteracy (TRI) ✅ Poor Coordination between agencies (MoTA) ✅ Land Alienation from infrastructure projects (EPW) ✅ Legal Gaps like fake Gram Sabha consent (NCST) 📍 Conclusion ✅ Strong policy foundation exists—urgent need for effective implementation, awareness, and rights protection.