*CVC (Central Venous Catheter):* *Definition:* A *CVC* is a long, thin, flexible tube inserted into a large central vein, usually the *subclavian*, *jugular*, or *femoral vein*, and advanced toward the *superior vena cava* or *right atrium*. *Purpose:* - Administer medications, fluids, blood products - Long-term IV therapy - Parenteral nutrition - *Measure CVP (Central Venous Pressure)* *Types:* - Non-tunneled (short-term use) - Tunneled (long-term) - PICC (peripherally inserted) - Implantable ports https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDLZ5U8fewk2H3OPb0n *CVP (Central Venous Pressure):* *Definition:* *CVP* is the pressure of blood in the *thoracic vena cava*, near the *right atrium*. It reflects the *right ventricular preload*, i.e., the volume status and venous return to the heart. *Normal CVP Range:* *2–6 mmHg* or *3–8 cmH₂O* *Measured via:* - A CVC connected to a transducer or water manometer. *Rationale & Clinical Importance:* *CVC use rationale:* - Ensures access to central circulation for rapid medication action. - Used when peripheral veins are inaccessible. *CVP monitoring rationale:* - *Assess fluid status* (e.g., hypovolemia or fluid overload) - Guide *fluid therapy* - Monitor in *shock, sepsis, heart failure*