1. What is the primary function of a motherboard? A) Execute programs B) Connect all hardware components C) Store permanent data D) Display output Answer: B) Connect all hardware components Explanation: The motherboard serves as the main circuit board, connecting the CPU, memory, storage, and other peripherals. 2. Which of the following is a type of system software? A) Microsoft Excel B) Windows 10 C) Adobe Illustrator D) Google Docs Answer: B) Windows 10 Explanation: Windows 10 is an operating system (system software), managing hardware and software resources. 3. What does SSD stand for in the context of storage devices? A) Solid State Drive B) System Storage Device C) Static Storage Disk D) Sequential System Drive Answer: A) Solid State Drive Explanation: SSDs use flash memory for faster data access compared to traditional hard disk drives (HDDs). 4. Which protocol is used for secure file transfer over a network? A) HTTP B) FTP C) SFTP D) SMTP Answer: C) SFTP Explanation: Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) encrypts data during file transfers, ensuring security. 5. What is the full form of CPU? A) Central Processing Unit B) Computer Processing Unit C) Core Program Utility D) Central Program Unit Answer: A) Central Processing Unit Explanation: The CPU processes instructions by performing fetch, decode, and execute operations. 6. Which of the following is an example of a high-level programming language? A) Assembly Language B) C++ C) Machine Language D) Binary Code Answer: B) C++ Explanation: C++ is a high-level language with user-friendly syntax, unlike low-level assembly or machine language. 7. What is the purpose of a network switch? A) Connects devices within a single network B) Converts analog signals to digital C) Stores network data D) Executes network programs Answer: A) Connects devices within a single network Explanation: A switch connects devices in a LAN, directing data packets to their intended destinations. 8. Which type of memory is used to store the BIOS? A) RAM B) ROM C) Cache Memory D) Virtual Memory Answer: B) ROM Explanation: The BIOS is stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM), which retains data even when powered off. 9. What does URL stand for? A) Universal Resource Locator B) Uniform Resource Locator C) Unique Reference Link D) Universal Reference Language Answer: B) Uniform Resource Locator Explanation: A URL specifies the address of a resource on the internet, like a webpage. 10. Which of the following is a type of malware? A) Firewall B) Ransomware C) Operating System D) Browser Answer: B) Ransomware Explanation: Ransomware is malware that encrypts data and demands payment for access. 11. What is the function of the control unit in a CPU? A) Performs arithmetic operations B) Directs the operation of the processor C) Stores temporary data D) Manages network connections Answer: B) Directs the operation of the processor Explanation: The control unit coordinates the CPU’s activities, directing data flow and instruction execution. 12. Which of the following is an example of a secondary storage device? A) RAM B) USB Flash Drive C) Cache Memory D) Registers Answer: B) USB Flash Drive Explanation: USB flash drives are secondary storage devices, retaining data without power, unlike RAM. 13. What is the full form of DBMS? A) Database Management System B) Data Backup Management Software C) Digital Base Management System D) Distributed Binary Management System Answer: A) Database Management System Explanation: A DBMS manages databases, enabling data storage, retrieval, and manipulation. 14. Which port is used for HTTPS? A) 80 B) 21 C) 443 D) 25 Answer: C) 443 Explanation: HTTPS uses port 443 for secure web communication with SSL/TLS encryption. 15. What is the purpose of a compiler? A) Executes code line by line B) Converts high-level code to machine code C) Manages hardware resources D) Connects to the internet Answer: B) Converts high-level code to machine code Explanation: A compiler translates entire high-level programs into machine code for execution. 16. Which of the following is a cloud computing service model? A) HTML B) SaaS C) SQL D) FTP Answer: B) SaaS Explanation: Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers software over the internet, like Google Workspace. 17. What is the term for a network of infected computers controlled remotely? A) Botnet B) Firewall C) Router D) Server Answer: A) Botnet Explanation: A botnet is a group of compromised devices controlled by a hacker for malicious purposes. 18. Which key is used to refresh a webpage? A) F1 B) F5 C) F10 D) Ctrl Answer: B) F5 Explanation: The F5 key refreshes a webpage, reloading its content from the server. 19. What does GUI stand for? A) General Utility Interface B) Graphical User Interface C) Global User Integration D) Guided Utility Interface Answer: B) Graphical User Interface Explanation: GUI enables interaction through visual elements like windows, icons, and menus. 20. Which of the following is a first-generation computer characteristic? A) Use of microprocessors B) Use of vacuum tubes C) Use of integrated circuits D) Use of transistors Answer: B) Use of vacuum tubes Explanation: First-generation computers (1940s–1950s) used vacuum tubes, making them large and slow. 21. What is the purpose of an IP address? A) Identifies a device on a network B) Stores user files C) Executes programs D) Displays graphics Answer: A) Identifies a device on a network Explanation: An IP address uniquely identifies a device on a network for communication. 22. Which language is used for styling web pages? A) HTML B) CSS C) JavaScript D) Python Answer: B) CSS Explanation: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to style and format web page content. 23. What is the full form of LAN? A) Local Area Network B) Logical Access Node C) Linear Area Network D) Local Access Node Answer: A) Local Area Network Explanation: LAN connects devices within a limited area, like an office or home. 24. Which device is used to amplify network signals? A) Router B) Switch C) Repeater D) Modem Answer: C) Repeater Explanation: A repeater boosts network signals to extend their range. 25. What is the term for a small program that performs a specific task? A) Application B) Script C) Operating System D) Database Answer: B) Script Explanation: A script is a small program written to automate tasks or perform specific functions. 26. Which of the following is a volatile memory? A) Hard Disk B) ROM C) RAM D) Flash Memory Answer: C) RAM Explanation: RAM is volatile, losing data when power is off, unlike non-volatile ROM or hard disks. 27. What does HTTP stand for? A) HyperText Transfer Protocol B) High Text Transmission Protocol C) Hyper Terminal Transfer Protocol D) Hybrid Text Protocol Answer: A) HyperText Transfer Protocol Explanation: HTTP is used for transferring web pages and resources over the internet. 28. Which of the following is an example of a NoSQL database? A) MySQL B) Oracle C) MongoDB D) PostgreSQL Answer: C) MongoDB Explanation: MongoDB is a NoSQL database, handling unstructured data, unlike relational databases like MySQL. 29. What is the purpose of a backup? A) Increase processing speed B) Protect data from loss C) Enhance graphics D) Connect networks Answer: B) Protect data from loss Explanation: Backups create copies of data to restore it in case of loss or corruption. 30. Which generation of computers introduced microprocessors? A) Second Generation B) Third Generation C) Fourth Generation D) Fifth Generation Answer: C) Fourth Generation Explanation: Fourth-generation computers (1971–present) introduced microprocessors, enabling compact systems. 31. What is the full form of API? A) Application Programming Interface B) Advanced Processing Interface C) Automated Program Integration D) Application Process Identifier Answer: A) Application Programming Interface Explanation: An API allows different software applications to communicate with each other. 32. Which of the following is an input device? A) Printer B) Monitor C) Mouse D) Speaker Answer: C) Mouse Explanation: A mouse allows users to input data by interacting with the GUI, unlike output devices like monitors. 33. What is the term for a program that secretly monitors user activity? A) Virus B) Spyware C) Trojan D) Worm Answer: B) Spyware Explanation: Spyware covertly collects user information, such as browsing habits, without consent. 34. Which protocol is used for resolving domain names to IP addresses? A) FTP B) DNS C) SMTP D) HTTP Answer: B) DNS Explanation: Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names into IP addresses for network communication. 35. What is the function of a cache memory? A) Permanent storage B) Speed up data access C) Run applications D) Connect networks Answer: B) Speed up data access Explanation: Cache memory stores frequently accessed data to reduce CPU access time. 36. Which of the following is a type of optical media? A) Hard Disk B) DVD C) SSD D) USB Drive Answer: B) DVD Explanation: DVDs use optical technology to store data, read by lasers. 37. What does OOP stand for in programming? A) Object-Oriented Programming B) Operational Output Processing C) Organized Object Protocol D) Optimal Operating Program Answer: A) Object-Oriented Programming Explanation: OOP uses objects and classes for modular and reusable code. 38. Which key combination is used to undo an action? A) Ctrl + C B) Ctrl + V C) Ctrl + Z D) Ctrl + X Answer: C) Ctrl + Z Explanation: Ctrl + Z reverses the last action in most applications. 39. What is the term for a network that spans a large geographical area? A) LAN B) WAN C) MAN D) PAN Answer: B) WAN Explanation: Wide Area Network (WAN) connects devices over large areas, like the internet. 40. Which of the following is a type of computer architecture? A) HTML B) Von Neumann C) SQL D) CSS Answer: B) Von Neumann Explanation: Von Neumann architecture defines how computers process and store data using a single memory. 41. What is the purpose of a proxy server? A) Executes programs B) Acts as an intermediary between client and server C) Stores databases D) Manages hardware Answer: B) Acts as an intermediary between client and server Explanation: A proxy server handles requests between clients and servers, enhancing security and privacy. 42. Which of the following is a type of software license? A) HTML B) Open Source C) RAM D) CPU Answer: B) Open Source Explanation: Open-source licenses allow free use, modification, and distribution of software. 43. What is the full form of BIOS? A) Basic Input/Output System B) Binary Instruction Operating System C) Built-In Output System D) Basic Integrated Operating System Answer: A) Basic Input/Output System Explanation: BIOS initializes hardware during the boot process and provides runtime services. 44. Which device connects multiple networks together? A) Router B) Switch C) Hub D) Repeater Answer: A) Router Explanation: A router connects different networks, directing data packets between them. 45. What is the term for a program that spreads without attaching to other programs? A) Virus B) Worm C) Trojan D) Spyware Answer: B) Worm Explanation: A worm replicates itself across networks without needing a host program. 46. Which of the following is a markup language? A) Python B) HTML C) C++ D) Java Answer: B) HTML Explanation: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) structures content on the web. 47. What is the purpose of a driver in a computer system? A) Executes applications B) Enables communication between hardware and software C) Stores data D) Manages networks Answer: B) Enables communication between hardware and software Explanation: Drivers allow the operating system to interact with hardware devices. 48. Which of the following is a type of computer port? A) CPU B) HDMI C) RAM D) SSD Answer: B) HDMI Explanation: HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a port for transmitting audio and video. 49. What does XML stand for? A) eXtra Markup Language B) eXtensible Markup Language C) eXecutable Machine Language D) eXternal Memory Language Answer: B) eXtensible Markup Language Explanation: XML is used for storing and transporting structured data. 50. Which technology is associated with fifth-generation computers? A) Vacuum Tubes B) Transistors C) Artificial Intelligence D) Integrated Circuits Answer: C) Artificial Intelligence Explanation: Fifth-generation computers focus on AI and advanced processing technologies.