# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Newer world order in Trump era and Pakistan" by Dr Raza Muhammad, Published in Tribune on June 12th, 2025:* The article analyzes the *evolving "Newer World Order"* under *President Donald Trump's second presidency* and its implications for *Pakistan*. The author, a *former ambassador* and *retired major general*, argues that *Trump's foreign policy* is fundamentally centered on *"trade and tariffs"* as the primary means of interstate relations. *Trump* is focused on realizing his *"Make America Great Again"* slogan by *rejuvenating the US economy*, bringing *Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)*, reinvigorating the *industrial sector*, creating more jobs, securing the *US homeland* against crimes and *illegal immigration*, reducing overseas expenditure, shifting *defense responsibility* to partners through *self-help*, and collecting more *tariffs on imports* to reduce taxes on *American citizens*. The *US debt of trillions of dollars* appears to be *Trump's major worry*. This approach was reflected in his *Middle East visit* where he secured *trillions of dollars in investments* and *billions in defense, technology, and aviation sales*. *Trump* portrays himself as *anti-war* but favors *short military showdowns*, *trade wars*, and *economic coercion* to achieve policy objectives. This was evident during the *May 2025 India-Pakistan conflict*, where *Trump* and the *US Secretary of State* brokered a ceasefire after *Pakistan's effective counter-offensive* against *Indian aggression*. The author predicts that under *Trump's presidency*, *US interstate relations* will increasingly focus on *trade and economy* rather than security. *Trump* aims to be remembered as a president who helped stop major global conflicts and eliminated *America's colossal debt and deficit*. In the *Middle East*, *Trump* is likely to promote the *"two-state solution"* and realize his *"Abraham Accords"* dream, with support from *Saudi Arabia (KSA)* and *Turkey*. Positive indicators include *lifting sanctions on Syria*, meeting with the *Syrian president*, and expressing hope for a deal with *Iran*. *Trump* is working for a *Ukraine ceasefire* and closer ties with *Russia* to prevent an *unmanageable Russia-China alliance*. While *China containment* remains a priority, it may take the shape of *"Congagement"* (engagement with containment). *China* seeks to maintain its *comprehensive rise* by avoiding conflicts and developing good working relations with the *US*, though it will remain assertive to protect its interests. The *US* will continue trading with *China* but on more favorable terms, as finding alternatives to *high-quality Chinese products* at cost-effective rates for *US consumers* in the short term is difficult. The article emphasizes that *China* has been a *trusted ally of Pakistan*, with their friendship reaching new heights during the *May 2025 Pak-India War*. *Pakistan's swift, skillful, and lethal response* to *Indian aggression* impressed friends and foes alike, bringing *Pakistan and China* closer than ever. *China* will continue *unequivocal support* for *Pakistan*, though this relationship may experience stress due to *US-China competition*. The author argues that for *Pakistan*, in the absence of alternatives, *China* remains the only choice for realizing its *comprehensive National Security Policy* based on *geo-economics*. Recent diplomatic initiatives include the *China-Pakistan-Afghanistan tripartite meeting* and *PM Shehbaz Sharif's visits* to *Turkey*, *Iran*, and *Azerbaijan* to express gratitude for their support during *Indian aggression* and strengthen bilateral ties. The *second tripartite meeting* between *Pakistan*, *Turkey*, and *Azerbaijan* in *Lachin* further demonstrates growing regional understanding. *Pakistan* has also strengthened ties with *Tajikistan* and *Russia*, with the latter being seen as a very positive development. *Pakistan* has sent delegations worldwide to communicate its position against *Indian arrogance and aggressiveness* while expressing desire for regional peace and stability. The *May 2025 War*, imposed by *rash Indian leadership*, seems to have broken the impasse, with *India* seeking ceasefire through the *US*. *Trump* has expressed willingness to help resolve the *Kashmir dispute* by convening a *Pakistan-India meeting* in a third country, which is seen as a silver lining. The global environment encourages peace and trade over war, and *Pakistan* should continue avoiding conflicts while maintaining good relations with all countries, including *India*. The article concludes that *Pakistan* should pursue *Trump's mediation promise* for *Kashmir dispute resolution*, reversal of *India's Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) suspension*, and restoration of *IIOJK's special status*, while focusing on excellent relations with *China*, *US*, *UK*, *EU*, *Gulf states*, *Turkey*, *Afghanistan*, and *Iran* through enhanced connectivity for mutual socio-economic development. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: *Trump's second presidency* focuses on *"trade and tariffs"* over security, aiming to reduce *US debt* and implement *"Make America Great Again"*. After the *May 2025 Pak-India War*, *Trump* brokered ceasefire and offered *Kashmir mediation*. *China-Pakistan relations* strengthened during the conflict, while *Pakistan* expanded ties with *Turkey*, *Iran*, *Azerbaijan*, *Tajikistan*, and *Russia*. The *newer world order* emphasizes economic cooperation over military conflicts, offering opportunities for *Pakistan* to pursue *Kashmir resolution* and strengthen regional connectivity. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Pursue Trump's Kashmir Mediation* Actively pursue *Trump's offer* to mediate *Kashmir dispute* through third-country meetings. ## *2. Strengthen China Partnership* Deepen *China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)* and *strategic cooperation* in all domains. ## *3. Enhance Regional Connectivity* Develop *trade routes* and *economic corridors* with *Central Asian* and *Middle Eastern* countries. ## *4. Diversify Economic Relations* Expand trade partnerships with *US*, *EU*, *Gulf states*, and *regional powers*. ## *5. Resolve IWT Dispute* Use *US mediation* to reverse *India's suspension* of *Indus Waters Treaty*. ## *6. Strengthen Defense Cooperation* Enhance military ties with *China*, *Turkey*, and other *strategic partners*. ## *7. Promote Geo-Economics* Implement *National Security Policy* focused on *economic development* over military solutions. ## *8. Engage in Track-II Diplomacy* Use unofficial diplomatic channels to build *confidence with India* and regional partners. ## *9. Restore IIOJK Status* Advocate for restoration of *Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir's special status*. ## *10. Build Global Consensus* Continue diplomatic outreach to communicate *Pakistan's peaceful intentions* globally. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *Trump's second presidency* began in *2025*. - *May 2025 Pak-India War* occurred with *Pakistan's successful counter-offensive*. - *US debt* runs into *trillions of dollars*. - *Trump* secured *trillions in investments* and *billions in defense sales* in *Middle East*. - *China-Pakistan-Afghanistan tripartite meeting* held recently. - *PM Shehbaz Sharif* visited *Turkey*, *Iran*, and *Azerbaijan*. - *Second tripartite meeting* held in *Lachin*, *Azerbaijan* between *Pakistan*, *Turkey*, and *Azerbaijan*. - *Pakistan* also strengthened ties with *Tajikistan* and *Russia*. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - *US national debt* stands at *$34 trillion* as of *2025* (*US Treasury*, 2025). - *China-Pakistan trade* volume reached *$27.4 billion* in *2024* (*Chinese Ministry*, 2024). - *CPEC investments* total *$62 billion* since *2013* (*Planning Commission*, 2024). - *Pakistan's defense budget* is *$7.6 billion* for *2024-25* (*Finance Ministry*, 2024). - *Kashmir dispute* spans *77 years* since *1947* (*UN Records*, 2024). - *Indus Waters Treaty* signed in *1960* covers *6 rivers* (*World Bank*, 2024). # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *What is Trump's primary foreign policy approach according to the article?* A. Military intervention *B. Trade and tariffs* C. Diplomatic negotiations D. Economic sanctions ### 2. *When did the Pak-India War mentioned in the article occur?* A. April 2025 *B. May 2025* C. June 2025 D. March 2025 ### 3. *Which countries participated in the tripartite meeting with Pakistan?* A. China and India *B. China and Afghanistan* C. Turkey and Iran D. US and China ### 4. *What does Trump want to achieve with his "Make America Great Again" slogan?* A. Military supremacy B. Space exploration *C. Economic rejuvenation and debt reduction* D. Cultural dominance ### 5. *What alternative approach to China containment is mentioned?* A. Isolation B. Military confrontation *C. Congagement* D. Economic boycott # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Rejuvenate* (تازگی لانا) – To give new energy or vigor to something 2. *Coercion* (جبر) – The practice of forcing someone to act in a certain way 3. *Manifestation* (مظاہرہ) – Clear evidence or proof of something 4. *Reiterated* (دہرایا) – Said something again or repeatedly 5. *Colossal* (بہت بڑا) – Extremely large or great 6. *Ardently* (بڑی محنت سے) – With great enthusiasm or passion 7. *Forestall* (روکنا) – Prevent or obstruct something by taking action first 8. *Containment* (کنٹرول) – The action of keeping something under control 9. *Assertive* (مضبوط موقف) – Having or showing confidence and forceful personality 10. *Unequivocally* (بلا شبہ) – In a way that leaves no doubt 11. *Tenacity* (استقلال) – The quality of being determined 12. *Lethal* (مہلک) – Extremely harmful or destructive 13. *Intransigence* (ضد) – Refusal to change one's views or agreements 14. *Impasse* (تعطل) – A situation where no progress is possible 15. *Milieu* (ماحول) – A person's social environment 16. *Engenders* (پیدا کرتا ہے) – Causes or gives rise to 17. *Abeyance* (معطلی) – A state of temporary disuse or suspension 18. *Emancipation* (آزادی) – The fact of being freed from restrictions 19. *Comity* (دوستانہ تعلقات) – Courtesy and considerate behavior 20. *Perpetuating* (برقرار رکھنا) – Making something continue indefinitely 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please be reminded not to remove the attribution label affixed to this article. It is crucial to acknowledge the source and the effort invested in creating this summary. We discourage any unauthorized distribution without proper credit. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. 🔍 ⚡ *Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary Meanings* 💡 Join our WhatsApp Channel for timely and comprehensive summaries of the latest articles, along with well-crafted solutions and helpful vocabulary meanings. Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vaep0USBPzjZMcLyy01S --- *tribune.com.pk* *Newer world order in Trump era and Pakistan* *Dr Raza Muhammad* *8 - 10 minutes* . the writer is a former ambassador and retired major general reach him at razamyus gmail com The writer is a former ambassador and retired major general. Reach him at [email protected] print-news Listen to article After President Donald Trump's second coming to the Oval Office, the US ways, means and ends of foreign policy are witnessing a transformation. The evolving 'Newer World Order', though dynamic and transitory, needs to be understood. Deciphering President Trump's speeches, announcements, presidential orders, tweets and utterances of last five months, it can be concluded that "trade and tariffs" are the principle means of his interstate relations philosophy. He is well focused at realising his electioneering slogan 'Make America Great Again', for which he is trying to rejuvenate the US economy, bring FDI, reinvigorate the industrial sector, create more jobs, secure US homeland against crimes and illegal immigration, save on extra expenditure made overseas, shift responsibility of defence to self-help by partners and collect more tariffs on imports to reduce taxes on American citizens. His major worry appears to be the back-breaking US debt of trillions of dollars. This approach has been well reflected in his visit to the Middle East where he was successful in securing trillions of dollars of investments and billions of dollars of sales in defence, technology and aviation sectors. Trump portrays himself as anti-war, but perhaps he is for short military showdowns, trade wars and employment of economic coercion to attain his policy ends. Manifestation of this approach was also seen during the last month's Indian aggression against Pakistan, and Pakistan's effective and successful counter offensive. He has reiterated multiple times the role played by him and the US secretary of state in brokering the ceasefire between India and Pakistan. It is inferred that, during his presidency, US interstate relations shall be increasingly woven around trade and economy, rather than security. Trump desires to go down in the history as an American President who helped stop major conflicts in the world, and took his country out of colossal debt and deficit. Trump is likely to help bring peace in the Middle East and work for 'two-state solution' to realise his dream of 'Abraham Accords'. KSA and Turkey are also playing a role in his peace efforts. Lifting of sanctions on Syria, meeting with the Syrian president and expression of hope that a deal could be reached with Iran are positive indicators. Iran is expected to be pragmatic as well. President Trump is ardently working for a ceasefire in Ukraine, and get closer to Russia — perhaps to forestall Russia and China getting into an unmanageable alliance. Though a priority, containment of China may retake shape of 'Congagemnent' during his tenure. China making great strides in high-end technology would wish to maintain pace of its comprehensive rise by avoiding conflicts and developing a good working relationship with the US. However, to protect its interests, China is expected to remain assertive in all domains. The US is likely to continue trade with China, but on more favourable terms. Important fact is that finding an alternative to high quality Chinese products on cost effective rates for US consumers in short term may not be possible. China has been a trusted ally of Pakistan. The China-Pakistan friendship bond has gained newer heights during the May 2025 Pak-India War. Pakistan's grit and tenacity and its courageous, swift, skilful, comprehensive and lethal response to the Indian aggression must have impressed the friends and foes alike. At this point in time, Pakistan and China, their people and militaries are closer than ever before. China will continue to support Pakistan unequivocally. This relationship is likely to experience stress due to the enduring US-China competition. It is important that an understanding is developed in the western capitals that for Pakistan, in the absence of any alternative, the only choice for realising ends of its comprehensive 'National Security Policy' that is predicated on geo-economics, remains the People's Republic of China. The recent China-Pakistan-Afghanistan tripartite meeting and PM Shehbaz Sharif's visit to Turkiye, Iran and Azerbaijan — aimed at conveying gratitude for their support during the Indian aggression, reaffirming the closer relation and expanding the ties to make the mutually beneficial friendship even stronger — is a step in right direction. The warm welcome and pleasant exchanges reflect mutual desires to strengthen the exiting bonds. The second tripartite meeting held between Pakistan, Turkiye and Azerbaijan at Lachin in Azerbaijan further manifests the growing understanding between Pakistan and the regional countries. The PM and his delegation also visited Tajikistan to strengthen the bilateral cooperation in multifaceted areas. Russia and Pakistan are getting closer too, which is being seen as a very positive development. Pakistan has sent delegations to various countries of the world to forge an understanding in the comity of nations to communicate Pakistan's position on perpetuating Indian arrogance and aggressiveness as against Pakistan's desire for enduring peace and stability in the region. Pakistan has been making efforts to develop good relations with all the neighbours, including India. Unfortunately, Indian intransigence remained a hurdle. The impasse seems to have been broken by the short but intense May 2025 War, imposed on Pakistan by the rash Indian leadership, and the ceasefire sought by India through the US. President Trump has expressed his willingness to help resolve the Kashmir dispute by convening a Pakistan-India meeting in some third country — something that is being considered a silver lining. The global milieu engenders quest to forge peace and enhance trade instead of war. Pakistan should continue trying to avoid conflicts and have good relations with all the countries, including India. The US president's promise of mediation must be pursued for resolution of the Kashmir dispute, reversal of Indian announcement of holding IWT in abeyance and restoration of special status of IIOJK. Very good relations with China, the US, the UK, EU, Gulf states, Turkiye, Afghanistan and Iran warrant added focus by Pakistan. Connectivity is the way forward for mutually beneficial socio-economic development and societal emancipation.