Bhagwan Birsa Munda was a tribal freedom fighter and social reformer who led the Ulgulan (rebellion) against British rule and exploitative landlords in the late 19th century. He mobilized the Munda tribe to assert their land rights and cultural identity. His movement led to the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, protecting tribal land. He remains a symbol of tribal pride. #history #iascircle #prelims #mains