💻 *Advanced Java Interview Questions:* *1. What is the difference between a process and a thread?* - _Process:_ An independent execution unit with its own memory. - _Thread:_ A smaller execution unit within a process that shares memory resources. *2. What is the 'volatile' keyword in Java?* - It ensures that a variable’s value is always read from main memory, preventing thread caching issues. *3. Explain 'synchronized' in Java.* - It prevents multiple threads from executing a block of code at the same time, avoiding race conditions. *4. What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy?* - _Shallow copy:_ Copies references, not actual objects. - _Deep copy:_ Creates new instances of objects instead of copying references. *5. What is Garbage Collection in Java?* - The JVM automatically removes unused objects to free memory. *6. How does Java handle memory management?* - Java uses automatic garbage collection and a heap-based memory allocation system. *7. What are the types of garbage collectors in Java?* - _Serial GC_ - _Parallel GC_ - _CMS (Concurrent Mark-Sweep) GC_ - _G1 (Garbage First) GC_ *8. What is the difference between a HashSet and TreeSet?* - _HashSet:_ Unordered, uses hashing for fast access. - _TreeSet:_ Ordered, implements a balanced tree structure. *9. What are Java design patterns?* - Common solutions to recurring software design problems (e.g., Singleton, Factory, Observer). *10. Explain the difference between Callable and Runnable.* - _Runnable:_ Does not return a value, used with threads. - _Callable:_ Returns a value and can throw exceptions. 👉 *React ❤️ for more!*