🔆 AUGUST OFFER vs. CRIPPS MISSION 📍 Time Period ✅ August Offer: August 1940 ✅ Cripps Mission: March 1942 📍 Viceroy at the Time ✅ August Offer: Lord Linlithgow ✅ Cripps Mission: Lord Linlithgow 📍 Context/Reasons for Proposal ✅ August Offer: Britain’s precarious situation in WWII and the need for Indian support. ✅ Cripps Mission: Japanese advances in Southeast Asia heightened the need for Indian cooperation in the war effort. 📍 Main Proposals ✅ August Offer: Dominion status as the long-term goal; expansion of Viceroy’s Executive Council; promise of a post-war constituent assembly. ✅ Cripps Mission: Dominion status with the right to secede from the Commonwealth; a constituent assembly after the war to decide the constitution; provision for any province to opt out of the Indian Union. 📍 Shortcomings Highlighted by Indians ✅ August Offer: Vague promises; no immediate transfer of power; retention of British control over defense; no clear path to full independence. ✅ Cripps Mission: Dominion status instead of full independence; allowed provinces to secede, potentially leading to partition; no immediate transfer of power; British control over defense continued. 📍 Reaction of Indian Political Parties ✅ August Offer: Rejected by the Congress; welcomed by some other groups for its promise of eventual self-rule. ✅ Cripps Mission: Rejected by Congress and Muslim League; Congress criticized the lack of immediate power transfer and the provision for dominion status; Muslim League was dissatisfied with the lack of a clear commitment to Pakistan. 📍 Outcome/Result ✅ August Offer: Rejected by Indian National Congress; led to increased demand for complete independence. ✅ Cripps Mission: Failure; led to the Congress launching the Quit India Movement in August 1942. 📍 Impact on Indian National Movement ✅ August Offer: Strengthened Indian resolve for complete independence; highlighted the limitations of British promises. ✅ Cripps Mission: Intensified Indian demand for complete independence; demonstrated the unyielding nature of British policy; precipitated the Quit India Movement. #history #prelims Join @CSE_EXAM @Upsc_4_history