Principles of Management – MCQs 1. Who is known as the father of scientific management? a) Henry Fayol b) Elton Mayo ✓ c) Frederick Winslow Taylor d) Peter Drucker 2. What is the first function of management? ✓ a) Planning b) Organizing c) Controlling d) Leading 3. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ends with: a) Esteem b) Safety c) Belongingness ✓ d) Self-actualization 4. Which theory focuses on achievement, power, and affiliation? a) Maslow’s Theory b) Herzberg’s Theory ✓ c) McClelland’s Theory d) Equity Theory 5. Which of the following is NOT a function of management? ✓ a) Inventing b) Planning c) Controlling d) Leading 6. Which leadership style gives maximum freedom to subordinates? a) Autocratic b) Democratic ✓ c) Laissez-faire d) Bureaucratic 7. SWOT stands for: a) Strategy, Work, Objectives, Tactics ✓ b) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats c) Systems, Workforce, Optimization, Targets d) Solutions, Workload, Operations, Tools 8. Organizing involves: a) Controlling people b) Managing funds ✓ c) Arranging resources and tasks d) Training employees 9. What is meant by ‘Span of control’? a) Levels of management ✓ b) Number of subordinates under a manager c) Employee salary range d) Types of leadership 10. Which decision-making type is based on facts and analysis? a) Emotional ✓ b) Rational c) Intuitive d) Random 11. Strategic decisions are made by: ✓ a) Top-level management b) Middle management c) Operational staff d) Team leaders 12. Which of the following is a planning tool? a) Performance appraisal ✓ b) SWOT analysis c) Delegation d) Feedback control 13. What is delegation? a) Monitoring work b) Hiring employees ✓ c) Assigning authority and responsibility d) Making strategic decisions 14. Feedforward control occurs: a) During the process ✓ b) Before the process begins c) After the process d) At the feedback stage 15. Democratic leadership encourages: ✓ a) Group participation b) Control over subordinates c) Isolation in decisions d) Punitive action 16. What does unity of command mean? ✓ a) One boss per employee b) Many supervisors c) Shared authority d) Job rotation 17. Herzberg’s theory focuses on: a) Rewards only ✓ b) Hygiene and motivational factors c) Punishment and rewards d) Team leadership 18. Control process starts with: a) Corrective action ✓ b) Setting performance standards c) Monitoring d) Feedback 19. A flat organizational structure means: ✓ a) Few management levels b) Many vertical layers c) No structure d) Strict control 20. A matrix structure combines: ✓ a) Functional and project structure b) Democratic and autocratic c) Flat and tall d) Informal and formal 21. Motivation is needed to: a) Punish employees ✓ b) Encourage productivity c) Reduce salaries d) Increase workload 22. Autocratic leaders: a) Take group opinion b) Encourage collaboration ✓ c) Make decisions alone d) Avoid control 23. Which management level deals with policy making? ✓ a) Top management b) Middle management c) Supervisory management d) Operational employees 24. Middle management is responsible for: a) Strategic decisions ✓ b) Implementing policies c) Creating vision d) Cash management 25. Which of the following is a short-term plan? a) Vision statement b) Strategic plan ✓ c) Operational plan d) Mission statement 26. Intuitive decision-making is based on: ✓ a) Experience and instincts b) Mathematical models c) Experiments d) Surveys 27. Which of these motivates according to Herzberg? ✓ a) Recognition b) Salary c) Working conditions d) Job security 28. What is control in management? a) Setting goals ✓ b) Ensuring performance meets standards c) Communicating vision d) Promoting employees 29. Which of the following is a behavioral management theorist? ✓ a) Elton Mayo b) Frederick Taylor c) Peter Drucker d) Henri Fayol 30. McGregor's Theory X suggests: a) Employees enjoy work ✓ b) Employees dislike work c) Employees need no supervision d) Work is fun 31. A mission statement defines: ✓ a) Purpose of an organization b) Budget goals c) Financial targets d) Legal policies 32. Controlling ensures: ✓ a) Goals are achieved b) Employees are rewarded c) Only planning is done d) Budgeting is complete 33. Which plan is broadest in scope? ✓ a) Strategic plan b) Operational plan c) Tactical plan d) Contingency plan 34. Which is NOT a type of organizational structure? a) Functional b) Matrix ✓ c) Rotational d) Divisional 35. A leader who inspires and energizes followers is called: ✓ a) Transformational leader b) Transactional leader c) Autocratic leader d) Bureaucratic leader 36. Planning reduces: a) Goals ✓ b) Uncertainty c) Control d) Conflict 37. Which factor affects external environment? ✓ a) Political change b) Motivation c) Delegation d) Leadership style 38. Which motivation theory uses needs hierarchy? ✓ a) Maslow b) McClelland c) Herzberg d) Equity theory 39. Which is a function of management? ✓ a) Controlling b) Designing c) Compromising d) Expanding 40. The final step in the control process is: a) Monitoring b) Planning ✓ c) Taking corrective action d) Delegating tasks 41. Strategic planning typically spans: a) 6 months ✓ b) 3–5 years c) 1 month d) Weekly 42. Operational managers are also called: a) Top managers ✓ b) First-line managers c) Board members d) Analysts 43. What is the planning function concerned with? a) Monitoring goals ✓ b) Setting objectives c) Marketing strategy d) Cash flow 44. Control process helps in: a) Delegation ✓ b) Comparing actual vs expected performance c) Creating job roles d) Hiring 45. Who introduced administrative management theory? ✓ a) Henri Fayol b) Peter Drucker c) Taylor d) Maslow 46. Concurrent control is: a) After process b) Before process ✓ c) During process d) Final stage 47. Which is NOT part of management process? a) Leading ✓ b) Inventing c) Controlling d) Planning 48. Which factor is considered in internal environment? ✓ a) Employees b) Economy c) Government policies d) Technology 49. Which structure focuses on job specialization? ✓ a) Functional structure b) Matrix structure c) Divisional structure d) Geographic structure 50. What is performance appraisal? ✓ a) Evaluation of employee performance b) Hiring c) Forecasting d) Training 51. Leadership is part of which function of management? a) Planning ✓ b) Leading c) Controlling d) Organizing 52. What is the purpose of a tactical plan? ✓ a) Bridge strategic and operational plans b) Daily task schedule c) Hiring policy d) Budget analysis 53. Which control type occurs after the task? a) Feedforward b) Concurrent ✓ c) Feedback d) Preventive 54. Which function comes after planning in management process? a) Leading b) Controlling ✓ c) Organizing d) Staffing 55. Which theorist emphasized time studies and work standardization? ✓ a) Frederick Taylor b) Henri Fayol c) Elton Mayo d) McClelland 56. Effective communication is crucial in: a) Planning only b) Controlling only ✓ c) All management functions d) Top-level tasks only 57. A tall structure has: a) Few levels ✓ b) Many levels c) No managers d) Only team leaders 58. Motivation is a part of which function? a) Planning b) Organizing ✓ c) Leading d) Controlling 59. Which theory introduced hygiene and motivator factors? a) Maslow ✓ b) Herzberg c) McGregor d) Vroom 60. Contingency plans are developed for: ✓ a) Unexpected situations b) Annual tasks c) Training d) Delegation