In topic ko pura pdhe bina mt rhna *10 models complete* 👌💯 *हिंदी मे इस Imp. topic को पढ़ने के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करे* whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaoD5q3FCCobLavfmC0y/9223372036854675807 Paid 💰 content 🆓free 📘 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION – With Detailed Memorising Facts (Updated for UGC NET & Teaching Exams) *1. Aristotle’s Model (384–322 BC)* 📌 Oldest communication model in history 📥 Linear model: Speaker → Speech → Audience → Effect 🎯 Focus: Persuasion in public speaking ❌ No feedback; audience is passive ✅ Memorising Facts: 1. First communication model ever recorded 2. Known as the Rhetorical Model 3. Memorising Fact: Linear model of communication was first proposed by → Aristotle 4. Public speeches and political addresses are best examples *2. Shannon & Weaver Model (1949)* * Developed for telecommunication systems Elements: Sender – Encoder – Channel – Noise – Decoder – Receiver ❌ Linear (one-way) communication ✅ Memorising Facts: 5. Introduced the term "Noise" (barriers in communication) 6. Known as the Mathematical/Information Theory Model 7. Memorising Fact: Concept of noise was introduced by → Shannon & Weaver 8. Widely applied in engineering and signal transmission UGC NET notes 📝 Paper 1& Subject Limited Slots Send Subject NOW   Click to know *more* 👇👇👇 👉 *Do message here English Medium Students* wa.me/+919216009964?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_is 👉 *हिंदी माध्यम स्टूडेंट्स यहाँ msg करे* wa.me/+919257007505?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_विषय_है Click above for your STUDY PACKAGE. 👆🏻👆🏻 Helpline No -- 7690022111 / 9216228788 *3. Berlo’s SMCR Model (1960)* Components: Source – Message – Channel – Receiver Emphasizes skills, attitudes, knowledge, and social system ❌ No feedback or noise included ✅ Memorising Facts: 9. Communication quality depends on sender’s and receiver’s abilities 10. Memorising Fact: Which model considers sender-receiver skills? → Berlo SMCR Model 11. Often used in education and personal communication --- *4. Schramm’s Model (1954)* 🔁 Interactive model (two-way) Introduced "Field of Experience" – shared background/knowledge ✅ Included feedback ✅ Memorising Facts: 12. First model to move from linear to interactive 13. Memorising Fact: "Field of Experience" introduced by → Schramm 14. Explains interpretation and meaning-sharing in communication --- *5. Lasswell’s Model (1948)* Formula: Who → Says What → In Which Channel → To Whom → With What Effect Common in media and propaganda studies ❌ No feedback or noise ✅ Memorising Facts: 15. Also called the Media/Propaganda Model 16. Memorising Fact: “With what effect” is part of which model? → Lasswell 17. Helps analyze mass communication impacts --- 6. Westley & MacLean Model (1957) Communication starts from external stimuli/events Introduced Gatekeepers (message controllers/editors) ✅ Two-way communication with feedback ✅ Memorising Facts: 18. Memorising Fact: Which model includes Gatekeepers? → Westley & MacLean 19. Realistic model for journalism and media filtering --- *7. Helical Model – Frank Dance (1967)* 📈 Communication is spiral, continuous, and dynamic Past experiences affect present communication Non-linear and growth-oriented ✅ Memorising Facts: 20. Memorising Fact: Spiral model given by → Frank Dance 21. Useful in education, learning, and personal development --- 8. Transactional Model (Modern) Sender and receiver communicate simultaneously Includes context, noise, culture, feedback, and environment Most realistic, especially for face-to-face and digital talks ✅ Memorising Facts: 22. Treats both communicators as equal participants 23. Memorising Fact: Which model sees sender and receiver acting at the same time? → Transactional Model 24. Emphasizes mutual influence and context *UGC NET notes 📝* Paper 1& Subject* Limited Slots* Send Subject NOW   Click to know *more* 👇👇👇 👉 *Do message here English Medium Students* wa.me/+919216009964?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_is 👉 *हिंदी माध्यम स्टूडेंट्स यहाँ msg करे* wa.me/+919257007505?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_विषय_है Click above for your STUDY PACKAGE. 👆🏻👆🏻 Helpline No -- 7690022111 / 9216228788