🌳 UNIT -- 9 (MCQs) on the topic of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, and Noise), each with detailed explanations, tailored for UGC NET Paper 1 by Professors Adda Expert Team 🌳 🧪 Topic: Pollution – Types, Indicators, and Effects Q1. Which of the following is a major contributor to indoor air pollution in rural India? Options: A) Diesel engines B) Coal-burning power plants C) Biomass burning D) Vehicle emissions ✅ Answer: C) Biomass burning 📌 Explanation: Traditional cookstoves using wood, dung, or crop waste release PM, CO, and hydrocarbons. Leads to respiratory issues, especially among women and children. Major concern in energy-poor households. 🌳 Q2. The indicator of organic pollution in water bodies is: Options: A) pH B) BOD C) TDS D) DO ✅ Answer: B) BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 📌 Explanation: Higher BOD means more organic waste is present. Indicates oxygen required by microbes to decompose waste. Used to assess water quality in rivers and lakes. 🔥Both Medium New updated Study KIT available I CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_notes_With_trend_analysis_my_subject_is Q3. Which gas is responsible for acid rain? Options: A) Carbon dioxide B) Methane C) Sulphur dioxide D) Hydrogen sulfide ✅ Answer: C) Sulphur dioxide 📌 Explanation: SO₂ and NOₓ mix with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids. Leads to acid precipitation damaging soil, water, and architecture. 🌳 Q4. Which pollutant is most harmful for the ozone layer? Options: A) Carbon dioxide B) Methane C) CFCs D) Lead ✅ Answer: C) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) 📌 Explanation: Stable gases that reach the stratosphere and release chlorine. Chlorine catalyzes the destruction of ozone molecules. Regulated under Montreal Protocol (1987). 🌳 Q5. Blue Baby Syndrome is caused by excess of: Options: A) Lead B) Arsenic C) Nitrates D) Mercury ✅ Answer: C) Nitrates 📌 Explanation: Nitrates in water can interfere with oxygen transport in infants. Converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Associated with use of nitrogen fertilizers. 🌳 Q6. The Air Quality Index (AQI) includes all except: Options: A) PM2.5 B) CO C) NH₃ D) O₃ ✅ Answer: C) NH₃ 📌 Explanation: AQI generally includes PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and NH₃, but NH₃ is not in all country-specific AQI systems. India's AQI includes NH₃, but earlier global versions didn’t. 🌳Both Medium New updated Study KIT available I CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_notes_With_trend_analysis_my_subject_is Q7. Which is the major pollutant from vehicles? Options: A) SO₂ B) CO C) H₂S D) Fluoride ✅ Answer: B) CO (Carbon Monoxide) 📌 Explanation: Produced due to incomplete combustion of fuel. Binds with hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen, causing health hazards. Major urban air pollutant. 🌳 Q8. Eutrophication in lakes is mainly due to: Options: A) Heavy metal deposition B) Increased dissolved oxygen C) Excess nutrients D) Thermal pollution ✅ Answer: C) Excess nutrients 📌 Explanation: Overuse of fertilizers leads to nutrient runoff (N, P). Causes algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and aquatic life death. Common in agricultural runoff areas. 🌳 Q9. Which of the following is a heavy metal pollutant? Options: A) Phosphorus B) Nitrogen C) Mercury D) Chloride ✅ Answer: C) Mercury 📌 Explanation: Toxic to nervous system. Bioaccumulates in fish → enters human food chain. Released by industries and fossil fuel combustion. 🌳 Q10. Noise pollution is measured in: Options: A) Hertz B) Decibels C) Pascal D) Watts ✅ Answer: B) Decibels (dB) 📌 Explanation: Human ear is sensitive to sounds in 0–140 dB range. Long exposure to >85 dB can cause hearing loss. WHO recommends ≤55 dB in residential zone Both Medium New updated Study KIT available I CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_notes_With_trend_analysis_my_subject_is Professors Adda Institute