*2025 INT. SCIENCE SOLUTIONS*👇👇 1.a.i) Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell. Plant cells and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells, but they have some key differences: - Plant cells have a cell wall, which provides structural support and protection, whereas animal cells do not have a cell wall. - Plant cells have chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, whereas animal cells do not have chloroplasts. - Plant cells have a large central vacuole, which is used for storing water, salts, and other substances, whereas animal cells have smaller vacuoles. 1.a.ii) State one function of each of organs in plant and animal cells. - Plant cell organelles: - Chloroplast: responsible for photosynthesis - Cell wall: provides structural support and protection - Vacuole: stores water, salts, and other substances - Animal cell organelles: - Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration - Lysosome: contains digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances - Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport out of the cell b.i) Identify the types of domestic animals. Domestic animals are animals that have been domesticated by humans for various purposes such as food, companionship, and labor. Examples of domestic animals include: - Livestock: cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, etc. - Poultry: chickens, ducks, turkeys, etc. - Pets: dogs, cats, rabbits, etc. b.ii) Explain food and Describe how digested food absorb into the body system. *Food* is any substance that is consumed to provide nutrition and energy to the body. The process of digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. The absorption of digested food into the body system occurs in the small intestine, where specialized cells called enterocytes absorb the broken-down nutrients into the bloodstream. The nutrients are then transported to the liver for processing and distribution to the rest of the body. b.iii) What is Solar system? Give four examples of planets. The Solar System is a collection of celestial objects that orbit around the Sun, including planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and other smaller bodies. Four examples of planets in our Solar System are: - Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars c.i) Define an ecosystem and state the factors affecting ecosystem. An ecosystem is a community of living and non-living components that interact with each other in a specific environment. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6zGIxKLaHrodRObn3r Factors that affect ecosystems include: - Climate change - Human activities (deforestation, pollution, overfishing, etc.) - Natural disasters (hurricanes, wildfires, etc.) - Invasive species c.ii) Explain the farming terms with one merits and demerits; I. mixed cropping ii. crop rotation iii. mixed farming iv. Land rotation. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6zGIxKLaHrodRObn3r - *Mixed Cropping:* Growing multiple crops together on the same land. - *Merit*: Increases biodiversity and reduces pests and diseases. - *Demerit*: Can lead to competition for resources among crops. - *Crop Rotation:* Rotating different crops on the same land to maintain soil fertility and reduce pests and diseases. - *Merit:* Improves soil fertility and structure. - *Demerit*: Requires careful planning and management. - *Mixed Farming:* Practicing both crop production and animal husbandry on the same farm. - *Merit:* Diversifies income sources and improves resource utilization. - *Demerit:* Requires significant labor and management. - *Land Rotation:* Rotating the use of land between different crops or fallow periods to maintain soil fertility. - *Merit:* Allows soil to recover and replenish its nutrients. - *Demerit:* Can lead to reduced productivity if not managed properly. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6zGIxKLaHrodRObn3r