*Chemistry Project/ Combined Science - *Name:* - *School:* - *Subject:* Chemistry - *Sub-topic:* Waste Management - *Title:* *Preparing Biodegradable Plastics* - *Level:* Ordinary Level *Statement of Intent* This project was carried out to explore *an eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics* by preparing biodegradable plastics using locally available materials. The goal was to understand how biodegradable plastics can help reduce environmental pollution and offer a sustainable waste management solution. The experiment focused on preparing a sample plastic using starch and other organic ingredients and evaluating its properties compared to conventional plastics. *Stage 1: Problem Identification* *Problem Statement:* Plastic waste is one of the leading pollutants in the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. This poses a serious challenge for waste management, especially in urban and school settings. Therefore, there is a need to find and promote sustainable alternatives. *Objectives:* - To prepare biodegradable plastic using starch and natural additives. - To evaluate the texture, flexibility, and decomposition of the plastic sample. - To understand the role of biodegradable plastics in waste reduction. *Research Questions:* 1. What materials can be used to prepare biodegradable plastic? 2. How does the homemade plastic compare to commercial plastic in terms of properties? 3. How long does it take for the plastic to begin decomposing? *Stage 2: Research and Information Gathering* *Sources Used:* - Chemistry textbooks on polymers and waste management - Online videos and articles about making biodegradable plastic - Discussions with teachers on chemical reactions and decomposition *Key Information Gathered:* - Biodegradable plastics can be made from starch, water, vinegar (acetic acid), and glycerin. - Starch molecules form polymers when heated with acids and plasticizers. - Such plastics are non-toxic, flexible, and decompose in natural environments over time. *Stage 3: Generation of Ideas* ✅ *Modified Methods:* Adapted the standard procedure for preparing biodegradable plastics by using *cassava flour (local starch source)* instead of corn starch. *Created Practical Plan:* Prepare biodegradable plastic using: - 1 tablespoon cassava starch - 4 tablespoons water - 1 teaspoon vinegar - 1 teaspoon glycerin (optional for flexibility) *Tested and Analysed:* The mixture was heated gently while stirring until it thickened, then poured into a mold and allowed to dry. ✅ *Presented Through Visuals:* - Photos taken during preparation - A sample plastic film displayed - A table comparing the sample with conventional plastic *Stage 4: Development of Ideas* *Refining the Process:* After initial trials, I adjusted the quantities to get better consistency and flexibility. *Experimentation and Testing:* - Made two samples: one with glycerin (flexible), one without (more brittle). - Compared drying times and flexibility. - Buried part of the plastic in soil to observe decomposition. *Final Products Developed:* - One biodegradable plastic sheet (flexible) - One hard plastic sample for comparison Stage 5: Presentation of Results *Supporting Materials:* - Samples shown during presentation - Photos of preparation process - Bar chart showing decomposition difference *Summary:* The biodegradable plastic sample prepared using cassava starch proved to be a practical alternative for non-essential packaging. It began to show signs of decomposition in natural soil after 2–3 weeks. *Stage 6: Evaluation and Recommendations* *Achievements:* - Successfully prepared biodegradable plastic using local materials. - Demonstrated an environmentally friendly solution to plastic waste. - Gained knowledge on polymer chemistry and sustainable practices. *Challenges Faced:* - Getting consistent texture in the plastic required multiple trials. - Limited access to pure glycerin; alternatives had to be used. *Recommendations:* - More research on natural plasticizers like aloe vera gel or banana peels. - Encourage schools to use homemade bioplastics in craft and packaging. - Educate communities on making and using biodegradable alternatives.