✈️ ICAO Annex 16 – Volume I: Aircraft Noise Title: Environmental Protection – Aircraft Noise Objective: To limit and reduce the impact of aircraft noise on communities around airports by setting international noise certification standards. 🔹 Key Components 1. Noise Certification Standards Defines maximum allowable noise levels during specific flight phases: ▪️Takeoff ▪️Sideline (lateral during climb) ▪️Approach These limits vary by: ▪️Aircraft type (jet, propeller) ▪️Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) ▪️Engine configuration 2. Noise Categories ("Chapters") ✈️Aircraft are classified under different Chapters based on noise levels: Chapter 2: Older, noisier aircraft (now largely phased out) Chapter 3: Quieter standards introduced in the 1970s Chapter 4: Stricter limits than Chapter 3 Chapter 14: Most stringent; applies to newer aircraft (effective 2017 for jets, 2020 for props) 3. Measurement & Testing Noise is measured at: ▪️Lateral: 450 m from runway centerline ▪️Flyover: 6.5 km from brake release point ▪️Approach: 2 km before threshold ▶️Standard atmospheric and flight conditions are specified. 4. Applicability ▪️Applies to new aircraft designs and production. ▪️Older aircraft can be "retrofitted" to meet standards or face restrictions. 📉 Noise Reduction Strategy Annex 16 Volume I supports ICAO’s Balanced Approach: 1. Reduce noise at source (quieter aircraft designs) 2. Land-use planning around airports 3. Noise abatement procedures (e.g., flight paths, altitude) 4. Operating restrictions (last resort) 🌐 Implementation by States ▪️ICAO member states adopt these standards through national regulations. ▪️States may restrict non-compliant aircraft (e.g., bans on Chapter 2 aircraft in many regions). ✅ Benefits ▪️Reduces community noise exposure. ▪️Encourages innovation in quieter aircraft. ▪️Harmonizes noise rules globally to support international aviation.