Zim Student Nurses(ZSNs)

_🔹THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS_ ▪️The circle of Willis is an important anatomical structure located at the base of the brain, formed by the anastomosis (connection) of several arteries. ▪️ It is supplied by the following arteries: _🔹AORTIC ARCH_ ▪️The aortic arch gives rise to the brachiocephalic artery, which then divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. _🔹BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY_ ▪️The right common carotid artery ascends in the neck and branches into the internal carotid artery, which enters the skull and supplies the anterior portion of the brain. ▪️The right subclavian artery gives rise to the vertebral artery, which also enters the skull and contributes to the circle of Willis. _🔹INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES_ ▪️The internal carotid arteries, one from the right and one from the left, enter the skull and give rise to the anterior cerebral arteries and the middle cerebral arteries. _🔹VERTEBRAL ARTERIES_ ▪️The vertebral arteries, one from the right and one from the left,

*”When the World Stopped, Nurses Didn’t”* *When the streets emptied and sirens were the city’s lullaby…* *When families stayed behind closed doors,shielding love with distance…* *When fear became a global language,spoken in every breath and heartbeat…* *Nurses stayed.* *Not out of obligation,but out of purpose.* *Not for applause,but for life.* *We held the trembling hands of patients gasping for air.* *We became the family they couldn’t see.* *We fought beside doctors, under flickering lights,in hallways overflowing with chaos and courage.* *We cried behind masks,then wiped our tears and walked into the next room.* *We stitched hope into every bandage.* *We didn’t stop.We couldn’t.* *While the world paused,we moved — moved toward danger,towards need,towards healing.* *Because nursing was never just a profession.It was a promise.* *A promise to stand in the gap when the system cracks.* *To carry the weight of breath when lungs collapse.* *To be the pulse of compassion when the world grows cold.* *But what happens when that pulse fades?* *What if,next time,there are no nurses left to stay?* *What if this generation forgets to invest in care?* *To honor,protect,and empower the very hands that held the world upright when it began to fall?* *Let this not just be a memory.* *Let it be a call.* *A call to elevate the voice of nursing.* *To strengthen its future.* *To say, with every policy, every budget,every word:* *We see you.We need you.We will never let you vanish.* *Because when the world stopped,nurses didn’t.* *And we must make sure — they never have to face that world alone again.*

_🔹PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL USE_ ▪️Choice of agent should be based on factors such as spectrum of activity, anticipated efficacy, safety, previous clinical experience, cost and potential for resistance. ▪️Prophylactic therapy should be restricted to the use of a limited range of agents of proven efficacy in invasive procedures with a high risk of infection or where the consequences of infection are disastrous. ▪️Appropriate specimens for Gram stain, culture and sensitivity testing should be obtained before commencing antimicrobial therapy. ▪️Directed antimicrobial therapy for proven pathogens should include the most effective,least toxic, narrowest spectrum agent available.This practice reduces the problems associated with broad-spectrum therapy, that is,selection of resistant micro-organisms and super-infection. ▪️For mild to moderate infections the oral route is preferred whilst the parenteral route should only be used for severe infections.It is also important that topical antimicrobial therapy be restricted to a few proven indications,for example,eye Infections because of the capacity of most agents to select for resistant micro-organisms and to cause sensitisation. ▪️Antimicrobial combinations have few indications.These include: 1.To extend the spectrum of cover, for example, in empirical therapy or in mixed infections. 2.To achieve a more rapid and complete bactericidal effect, for example, in enterococcal endocarditis. 3.To prevent the emergence of resistant micro-organisms, for example in the therapy of tuberculosis. ▪️To Improve the quality of hospital antibiotic use,the selection of antibiotics was guided by the WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification. *Access:* Which indicates the antibiotic of choice for each of the 25 most common infections. These antibiotics should always be available, affordable and quality assured. *Watch:* Which includes most of the highest-priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine and veterinary use.These antibiotics are recommended for specific and limited conditions. *Reserve:* Antibiotics that should only be used as a last resort when all other antibiotics have failed. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ♡ ㅤ    ⎙ㅤ   ⌲          🔕 ˡᶦᵏᵉ    ˢᵃᵛᵉ    ˢʰᵃʳᵉ    ᵘⁿᵐᵘᵗᵉ ᶜʰᵃⁿⁿᵉˡ

*There's a special place in hell for family members that visit patients during meal times and don't help feed them!*

_🔹PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS_ ▪️Proper diet (Vitamin A and proteins). ▪️Personal and environmental hygiene. ▪️Measles immunisation. ▪️Appropriate management of STIs in pregnant mothers and their sexual partners. ▪️Early referral of serious eye diseases and injuries. ▪️Tetracycline eye ointment in new borns. ▪️Early detection and appropriate management of diabetes stringent control of blood sugar. ▪️All diabetic patients should have screening of eye complications by ophthalmologist regularly starting from diagnosis of the disease. ▪️Early detection and appropriate management of hypertension. ▪️Early treatment of eye diseases by qualified health personnel including cataract surgery and early diagnosis and treatment ofglaucoma. ▪️Creation of community awareness on the dangers of using herbal medicines in the eye. ▪️Persistant conjunctival growths should be referred to ophthalmologist early. ▪️HIV positive patients must be screened for eye complications by ophthalmic nurse or ophthalmologist if symptomatic. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ♡ ㅤ    ⎙ㅤ   ⌲          🔕 ˡᶦᵏᵉ    ˢᵃᵛᵉ    ˢʰᵃʳᵉ    ᵘⁿᵐᵘᵗᵉ ᶜʰᵃⁿⁿᵉˡ

*Huge congratulations to all the students who passed their state final exams!Your hard work and dedication have truly paid off.May this achievement be a stepping stone to a rewarding and fulfilling career in nursing.* *To those who didn't quite make it this time,don't be discouraged.You are not defined by one setback.Take this as an opportunity to learn, grow,and come back stronger.You've got this! Best of luck on your resit.* *And to those sitting for the July exams,you've got this! Stay focused,stay calm,and trust in your preparation.You are ready for this.Good luck, and may your hard work shine through!* *GOD IS ABOVE EVERYTHING!!!*