_🔹PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL USE_ ▪️Choice of agent should be based on factors such as spectrum of activity, anticipated efficacy, safety, previous clinical experience, cost and potential for resistance. ▪️Prophylactic therapy should be restricted to the use of a limited range of agents of proven efficacy in invasive procedures with a high risk of infection or where the consequences of infection are disastrous. ▪️Appropriate specimens for Gram stain, culture and sensitivity testing should be obtained before commencing antimicrobial therapy. ▪️Directed antimicrobial therapy for proven pathogens should include the most effective,least toxic, narrowest spectrum agent available.This practice reduces the problems associated with broad-spectrum therapy, that is,selection of resistant micro-organisms and super-infection. ▪️For mild to moderate infections the oral route is preferred whilst the parenteral route should only be used for severe infections.It is also important that topical antimicrobial therapy be restricted to a few proven indications,for example,eye Infections because of the capacity of most agents to select for resistant micro-organisms and to cause sensitisation. ▪️Antimicrobial combinations have few indications.These include: 1.To extend the spectrum of cover, for example, in empirical therapy or in mixed infections. 2.To achieve a more rapid and complete bactericidal effect, for example, in enterococcal endocarditis. 3.To prevent the emergence of resistant micro-organisms, for example in the therapy of tuberculosis. ▪️To Improve the quality of hospital antibiotic use,the selection of antibiotics was guided by the WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification. *Access:* Which indicates the antibiotic of choice for each of the 25 most common infections. These antibiotics should always be available, affordable and quality assured. *Watch:* Which includes most of the highest-priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine and veterinary use.These antibiotics are recommended for specific and limited conditions. *Reserve:* Antibiotics that should only be used as a last resort when all other antibiotics have failed. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ♡ ㅤ    ⎙ㅤ   ⌲          🔕 ˡᶦᵏᵉ    ˢᵃᵛᵉ    ˢʰᵃʳᵉ    ᵘⁿᵐᵘᵗᵉ ᶜʰᵃⁿⁿᵉˡ