_🔹TENOFOVIR_ _GROUP:_ Antiretroviral _Class:_ Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. _🔹MODE OF ACTION_ ▪️Inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme involved in the replication and propagation of retroviruses. _🔹INDICATIONS_ ▪️Primary HIV infection. ▪️Chronic hepatitis B in adults. _🔹CONTRAINDICATIONS_ ▪️hypersensitivity. _🔹DOSE,ROUTE , FREQUENCY_ ▪️300mg per oral once daily for life _🔹SIDE EFFECTS_ _🔹CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)_ ▪️Headaches ▪️Dizziness ▪️Insomnia ▪️Mood changes _🔹CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (CVS)_ ▪️No significant cardiovascular side effects are commonly reported with tenofovir use. ▪️Respiratory System cough. ▪️Shortness of breath. _🔹GASTROINTESTINAL (GIT)_ ▪️Nausea ▪️Vomiting ▪️Diarrhea ▪️Abdominal pain ▪️Endocrine System ▪️Potential impact on bone mineral density with long-term use _🔹MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (MSS)_ ▪️Muscle pain ▪️Weakness ▪️Bone density loss with long-term use _🔹INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN)_ ▪️Rash ▪️Pruritus (itching) _🔹GENITOURINARY TRACT (GUT)_ ▪️Kidney dysfunction/failure ▪️Increased urination(Polyuria). _🔹OPHTHALMOLOGICAL (Eyes)_ ▪️No commonly reported ocular side effects. _🔹NURSING IMPLICATIONS_ _The Nurse does the following:_ ▪️Rule out history of hypersensitivity to avoid potential adverse reactions. ▪️Monitor patient for bone density changes as Tenofovir can cause a decrease in bone mineral density,potentially leading to osteomalacia (softening of the bones). Regular monitoring of bone density, such as via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, is necessary to detect and manage this adverse effect. ▪️Monitor patient for evidence of gastrointestinal discomfort.Gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common with tenofovir. Closely monitoring the patient for these symptoms and providing appropriate interventions (e.g., anti-emetics, antacids) can help manage the discomfort. ▪️Advise the patient to take the drug with meals, especially high-fat meals. Taking tenofovir with food, especially high-fat meals, can enhance the drug's absorption and bioavailability, potentially improving its efficacy and reducing the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. ▪️Monitor renal function.Tenofovir can cause renal impairment, so regular monitoring of the patient’s renal function, including serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is essential to detect and manage this adverse effect. ▪️Educate the patient on the importance of adherence.Tenofovir is most effective when taken as prescribed. Educating the patient on the importance of adherence and providing strategies to help them remember to take the medication can improve treatment outcomes.