(Created by using DeepSeek itself) # **Detailed SUMMARY of the Article "DeepSeek Revolution," by Rafia Zakaria, Dawn, February 1st, 2025**: The article draws a parallel between Pakistani athlete Arshad Nadeem’s gold medal win at the Paris Olympics using homemade javelins and the success of Chinese AI company DeepSeek, which developed a cutting-edge AI model for under $6 million. Nadeem’s victory, achieved despite limited resources, symbolizes how ingenuity and grit can overcome financial constraints. Similarly, DeepSeek’s AI model, created with outdated chips and open-source technology, challenges the dominance of US tech giants like OpenAI (which spent tens of millions on ChatGPT) and disrupts Nvidia’s chip monopoly. DeepSeek’s open-source approach allows global developers, including those in Pakistan, to access and improve its technology, democratizing AI innovation. The company’s energy-efficient model also questions the need for massive data centers and high energy consumption typical of AI systems. The article highlights Nvidia’s 17% stock drop (a $600 billion loss) following DeepSeek’s release, underscoring the threat to US tech hegemony. It advocates for resourcefulness over capital-intensive strategies, emphasizing that talent in the Global South can drive breakthroughs. The author urges Pakistan to leverage its tech talent by ensuring stable internet access and fostering local innovation, positioning DeepSeek as a symbol of how limitations can spur creativity. # **Easy/Short SUMMARY**: Arshad Nadeem won an Olympic gold with homemade javelins, proving you don’t need expensive tools to succeed. Similarly, China’s DeepSeek created a top AI model for just $6 million, much cheaper than US rivals like OpenAI. DeepSeek used old chips and shared its technology openly, letting others improve it. This caused Nvidia, a big chip company, to lose $600 billion in value. The article says creativity and smart ideas can beat big budgets, and countries like Pakistan can use such open-source tech to grow their own innovations if they have good internet and support. # **SOLUTIONS of The Problem**: ## **1. Promote Open-Source Technologies** Encourage the adoption and improvement of open-source AI models like DeepSeek to reduce dependency on expensive proprietary systems. ## **2. Invest in Local Tech Education** Strengthen STEM education and training programs to harness Pakistan’s engineering talent for AI development. ## **3. Ensure Reliable Internet Access** Government should eliminate internet outages to enable developers to access and contribute to global AI projects. ## **4. Support Energy-Efficient Innovations** Fund research into low-energy AI solutions to align with global sustainability goals and reduce costs. ## **5. Foster Public-Private Partnerships** Collaborate with tech companies to create incubators for local AI startups, leveraging open-source tools. ## **6. Challenge Tech Monopolies** Advocate for international policies that prevent monopolistic practices, ensuring fair access to AI advancements. ## **7. Leverage Global South Collaboration** Build alliances with other Global South nations to share resources and innovations in AI and technology. ## **8. Encourage Resourcefulness** Highlight and fund grassroots innovations that solve local problems with limited resources, inspired by models like DeepSeek. # **IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the Article**: - Arshad Nadeem won Pakistan’s first Olympic gold in javelin with homemade equipment. - DeepSeek developed its AI model for under **$6 million**; OpenAI spent **tens of millions**. - Nvidia’s shares dropped **17%** (a **$600 billion loss**) after DeepSeek’s release. - DeepSeek’s model is **open-source**, energy-efficient, and uses older chips. - ChatGPT and similar AI models require massive energy and data centers. - Pakistan has thousands of trained engineers, but internet outages hinder progress. # **IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the Article**: - The Paris Olympics 2024 context for Arshad Nadeem’s victory. - US export controls on Nvidia chips to maintain tech supremacy. - Global South’s historical underinvestment in tech infrastructure. # **MCQs from the Article**: ### 1. **How much did DeepSeek spend to develop its AI model?** A. $1 million B. $6 million **C. $10 million** D. $50 million ### 2. **What caused Nvidia’s $600 billion loss?** A. ChatGPT’s release **B. DeepSeek’s open-source AI model** C. US export controls D. Energy costs ### 3. **What is a key feature of DeepSeek’s AI technology?** A. Proprietary software **B. Open-source access** C. Reliance on Nvidia chips D. High energy consumption ### 4. **What does the article suggest Pakistan needs to boost AI development?** A. More expensive equipment **B. Stable internet access** C. Strict export controls D. Larger budgets ### 5. **What analogy does the author use for DeepSeek’s success?** **A. Arshad Nadeem’s Olympic win** B. ChatGPT’s launch C. Nvidia’s stock rise D. US tech monopolies # **VOCABULARY**: 1. **Ingenuity** (noun) (ذہانت): The quality of being clever, original, and inventive. 2. **Open-Source** (adjective) (اوپن سورس): Software for which the original code is freely available for modification. 3. **Disruptor** (noun) (خلل انداز): A company or technology that significantly alters traditional industries. 4. **Privation** (noun) (محرومی): Lack of basic necessities or resources. 5. **Monopolising** (verb) (اجارہ داری): Controlling a market entirely to limit competition. 6. **Supremacy** (noun) (برتری): The state of being superior or dominant. 7. **Resourcefulness** (noun) (حکمت عملی): The ability to find quick and clever solutions. 8. **Jitters** (noun) (گھبراہٹ): Feelings of extreme nervousness. 9. **Venture** (verb) (خطرہ مول لینا): To undertake a risky journey or project. 10. **Hegemony** (noun) (بالادستی): Dominance of one group over others. --- 📢 **Attention Please!** We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please acknowledge the source and effort by not removing the attribution label. Unauthorized distribution is discouraged. ⚡ **Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary!** 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y dawn.com DeepSeek revolution Rafia Zakaria 5–6 minutes LAST summer at the Paris Olympics, Arshad Nadeem stunned everyone by winning the first gold medal for Pakistan in the javelin event. Unlike his competitors, who had been trained in well-equipped outdoor spaces with state-of-the-art javelins, Nadeem practised with homemade javelins. It was also reported that for several years, Nadeem had only a single javelin which he used before it was damaged. His victory showed that you do not always need all the expensive stuff and specialised equipment to be the best in your field. Nadeem’s victory is a good analogy for what is happening in the global race for artificial intelligence supremacy. Last month, a Chinese company called DeepSeek released an AI model that is now ranked among the very best. DeepSeek’s claim that it developed its model for under $6 million is truly astounding. This is an almost unbelievably low figure, especially when compared to other AI models. Its largest competitor, made by the US company OpenAI, which produced ChatGPT, spent reportedly tens of millions of dollars. Not only did DeepSeek accomplish what was considered impossible, but also did it with less-advanced chips. So basically, DeepSeek was able to create an AI that could produce similar results using fewer resources and dated chips. Furthermore, what they have produced is open-source which means that other developers can improve the model and use its technology in their own models. Grit and ingenuity can often trump throwing enormous amounts of money at everything. Unsurprisingly, this surprise entry of a revolutionary new player caused dismay among the current leaders in technology. The biggest loss came to Nvidia the chipmaker, which produces the most expensive technology that is at the heart of AI. Nvidia shares lost nearly 17 per cent of their value on Monday — the day DeepSeek was released. This loss amounts to nearly $600bn. Nvidia chips are subject to very strict export controls precisely because the United States wants to protect its supremacy in the chip market. However, the very existence of DeepSeek questions the valuation of Nvidia as a company. If a similar AI model can be produced with vastly cheaper materials, what incentive do investors really have to put money into it? Along with export controls, US companies have pursued a monopolising strategy when it comes to any technology in general. In previous cases, when small companies came up with breakthroughs in the tech space, the retort from large tech companies has been one of great aggression. Then there is the issue of open-source — which means the underlying methods and approaches behind the technology are ‘open’ for the world to see and replicate. The fact that DeepSeek is open-source causes jitters among the titans in the artificial intelligence space. Since anyone can now use its technology, it means that the possibility of new challengers to the US monopoly has been left open. Smart developers anywhere, including Pakistan, can now deploy the technology for their own purposes. It is also a victory for the Global South in general because it represents how talent and resourcefulness can use whatever is available to make things. Talent and brilliance can exist anywhere and it can trump throwing enormous amounts of money at everything. Finally, DeepSeek uses relatively small amounts of energy to power its AI. This too has caused disruption in the tech world. ChatGPT and other AI models use tremendous amounts of energy to power their supercomputers. This has, in the past few years, increased investment in data centres where these supercomputers can be housed, and which have access to the energy and cooling that is necessary to keep them running. The emergence of DeepSeek has also posed a question regarding the need for these data centres or for the huge amounts of energy as essential to fuel AI. Pakistan trains thousands of engineers in the technology field itself. DeepSeek has already been widely downloaded in Pakistan. If the current government would do its citizens the favour of allowing them access to the internet without sudden outages, DeepSeek would provide opportunities to developers in Pakistan itself. All of a sudden, the world of AI has been thrown open to anyone who dares to venture into it. It has also situated China as a disruptor who has shaken up the tech economy. Since the release of DeepSeek, the United States is poised to impose even stricter controls. OpenAI is already alleging that DeepSeek used data from its language models to produce their own technology. More such allegations are likely to emerge in the future, but they do not matter. What has been proven — just like Arshad Nadeem’s gold medal — is that great goals can be achieved with grit and ingenuity and not a lot of resources. Sometimes those who win are not the biggest, richest and most powerful, but those who are forced by privation to make the best of what they have. The writer is an attorney teaching constitutional law and political philosophy. [email protected] Published in Dawn, February 1st, 2025