The method of killing followed by Duke Valentino to eliminate Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, Signor Baglioni, and Duke of Gravina Orsini demonstrates a prominent aspect of his harsh and pragmatic political style. Valentino, a nickname for "Duke Cesare Borgia," was known for using both force and cunning in politics to achieve his goals. During that period, assassination was a part of political strategy and was considered an effective way to remove rivals and solidify power. The killings executed by Cesare were laden with symbolism and political intent. Vitellozzo and Oliverotto were his rivals in the internal struggles in Italy during the Renaissance, and he decided that eliminating them by force was the best way to tighten his grip on power. As for Baglioni and Duke of Gravina Orsini, they were also figures who threatened his dominance, making them potential targets in his efforts to expand his influence. Through these acts, Cesare Borgia managed to present himself as a figure capable of making difficult decisions with ruthless efficiency. He employed a method characterized by deceit and meticulous planning, bypassing traditional ethical standards of leadership. These actions reflect the recurring pattern of violence that was a prominent feature of Italian politics at the time, where conspiracies and assassinations were part of the power equation in the absence of modern democratic systems or law.