# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Warming ties" by Editorial, Published in Dawn on June 3rd, 2025:* The article discusses the *diplomatic breakthrough* between *Pakistan* and *Afghanistan*, facilitated by *Chinese diplomacy*. *Pakistan's charge d'affaires* in *Kabul* was upgraded to *ambassadorial status* on *Friday*, followed by the *Afghan Taliban's envoy* in *Islamabad* receiving *ambassador status* the next day. While these moves don't constitute *formal recognition* of the *Taliban government*, they represent significant steps toward *international acceptance* and improved *Pak-Afghan relations*. The diplomatic progress was further reinforced by a phone call between *Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar* and his *Afghan counterpart* on *Sunday*, where both pledged to deepen *bilateral cooperation* across various sectors. This marks a remarkable transformation from *border fire exchanges* just months ago to mature *diplomatic engagement*. The improvement appears largely driven by *Chinese mediation* through a *trilateral dialogue* in *Beijing* last month, where the *Chinese foreign minister* noted both countries' willingness to *elevate diplomatic relations* and *exchange ambassadors*. *China* was the first nation to accept *Afghan Taliban credentials* in *Beijing* (*January 2024*), though without full recognition. *Pakistan* joins *China*, *UAE*, and *Uzbekistan* as the fourth country with an *ambassador in Kabul*, while *Russia* has accepted *Afghanistan's envoy* in *Moscow*. For *China*, maintaining *Taliban ties* serves *economic* and *security interests*, given *multimillion-dollar investments* in *Afghanistan* and cooperation needs against *anti-China militants*. The isolated *Taliban regime* recognizes that *international recognition* requires *Beijing's support* and seeks *Chinese investment*. This benefits *Pakistan* through enhanced *security* and *commercial cooperation* with *Kabul*. The *trilateral format* with *China* may better address *Pakistan's security concerns*, particularly regarding *anti-Pakistan terrorist groups* on *Afghan soil*. The article emphasizes that *regional integration* and *commerce* can only flourish when *Afghan territory* is cleared of *militant groups*, hoping upgraded diplomatic ties will remove cooperation barriers. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: *Pakistan* and *Afghanistan* upgraded their diplomatic relations to *ambassadorial level* with *Chinese mediation*. Both countries appointed *ambassadors* after *trilateral talks in Beijing*, moving from *border conflicts* to *diplomatic cooperation*. *China's economic interests* and *security concerns* drive this engagement, while the isolated *Taliban* seeks *international recognition* and *investment*. *Pakistan* benefits through enhanced *security cooperation* and potential *commercial ties*, though clearing *Afghan soil* of *militant groups* remains crucial for regional progress. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Strengthen Trilateral Cooperation* Enhance the *Pakistan-Afghanistan-China* dialogue mechanism for regular diplomatic consultations and conflict resolution. ## *2. Combat Militant Groups* Jointly eliminate *anti-Pakistan* and *anti-China terrorist organizations* operating from *Afghan territory*. ## *3. Boost Border Security* Establish coordinated *border management systems* to prevent cross-border terrorism and smuggling. ## *4. Expand Commercial Ties* Develop *trade corridors* and *economic partnerships* between *Pakistan* and *Afghanistan* under *Chinese Belt and Road Initiative*. ## *5. Enhance Intelligence Sharing* Create robust *intelligence cooperation* mechanisms to counter regional security threats. ## *6. Promote Regional Integration* Integrate *Afghanistan* into regional economic frameworks like *CPEC* and *Central Asian trade networks*. ## *7. Address Refugee Issues* Develop comprehensive strategies for *Afghan refugee* management and voluntary repatriation programs. ## *8. Counter Narcotics Cooperation* Collaborate on *anti-drug operations* to eliminate Afghanistan's role in regional narcotics trade. ## *9. Build Diplomatic Momentum* Encourage other regional states to engage diplomatically with the *Taliban government* for stability. ## *10. Establish Peace Mechanisms* Create permanent *dispute resolution forums* to address future bilateral conflicts peacefully. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *Pakistan's charge d'affaires* upgraded to *ambassador* on *Friday*. - *Afghan Taliban envoy* received *ambassador status* the next day (*Saturday*). - *Trilateral dialogue* held in *Beijing* last month between *Pakistan*, *Afghanistan*, and *China*. - *China* first accepted *Taliban credentials* in *Beijing* in *January 2024*. - *Four countries* now have ambassadors in *Kabul*: *China*, *UAE*, *Uzbekistan*, and *Pakistan*. - *Russia* accepted *Afghanistan's envoy* nomination in *Moscow*. - Diplomatic upgrade occurred after months of *border fire exchanges*. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - *Afghanistan* borders *Pakistan* along *2,670 km* of frontier (*Durand Line*). - *China* has invested over *$3 billion* in *Afghan mining projects* (*Reuters*, 2024). - *Taliban* controls *95%* of *Afghan territory* since *August 2021* (*UN*, 2024). - *Pakistan* hosts *1.4 million* registered *Afghan refugees* (*UNHCR*, 2025). - *Afghanistan* produces *80%* of world's *opium* (*UNODC*, 2024). - *China-Pakistan Economic Corridor* worth *$62 billion* could extend to *Afghanistan*. # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *Which country facilitated the diplomatic improvement between Pakistan and Afghanistan?* A. Russia *B. China* C. Iran D. Turkey ### 2. *When did China first accept Afghan Taliban credentials?* A. June 2024 *B. January 2024* C. August 2023 D. December 2024 ### 3. *How many countries now have ambassadors in Kabul?* A. Three *B. Four* C. Five D. Six ### 4. *What was the previous relationship status before this diplomatic upgrade?* A. Full diplomatic relations *B. Charge d'affaires level* C. No diplomatic relations D. Trade representative level ### 5. *What does the article emphasize as crucial for regional integration?* A. Economic investments B. Political recognition *C. Cleansing Afghan soil of militant groups* D. Cultural exchanges # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Cautious* (محتاط) – Careful and prudent in approach 2. *Optimism* (امید) – Hopefulness about future outcomes 3. *Charge d'affaires* (عارضی سفیر) – Temporary diplomatic representative 4. *Ambassadorial* (سفارتی) – Related to ambassador rank 5. *Recognition* (تسلیم) – Official acknowledgment or acceptance 6. *Regime* (حکومت) – System of government or ruling authority 7. *Bilateral* (دوطرفہ) – Involving two parties or countries 8. *Cooperation* (تعاون) – Working together for mutual benefit 9. *Maturity* (پختگی) – Wisdom and sensible behavior 10. *Cement* (مضبوط بنانا) – Strengthen or consolidate 11. *Trilateral* (سہ طرفہ) – Involving three parties 12. *Credentials* (اسناد) – Official documents proving authority 13. *Nomination* (نامزدگی) – Appointment or selection for position 14. *Isolated* (الگ تھلگ) – Separated or cut off from others 15. *Investment* (سرمایہ کاری) – Money put into projects for profit 16. *Security* (سلامتی) – Safety and protection from threats 17. *Militants* (شدت پسند) – Aggressive activists or fighters 18. *Commerce* (تجارت) – Business and trade activities 19. *Integration* (انضمام) – Combining into a unified whole 20. *Irritants* (رکاوٹیں) – Sources of annoyance or problems 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please be reminded not to remove the attribution label affixed to this article. It is crucial to acknowledge the source and the effort invested in creating this summary. We discourage any unauthorized distribution without proper credit. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. 🔍 ⚡ *Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary Meanings* 💡 Join our WhatsApp Channel for timely and comprehensive summaries of the latest articles, along with well-crafted solutions and helpful vocabulary meanings. Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y](https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y) --- *www.dawn.com* *Warming ties* *Editorial* *3–4 minutes* THERE is reason for cautious optimism as Pakistan and Afghanistan improve diplomatic ties, with some help from China. It had been announced on Friday that Pakistan's charge d'affaires in Kabul was being upgraded to ambassadorial status; a day later, the Afghan Taliban's envoy in Islamabad, too, was given the status of ambassador. While these moves do not translate to recognition of the Afghan Taliban government, they are steps towards international acceptance of the Kabul regime, while also marking a significant improvement in Pak-Afghan ties. The diplomatic activity was complemented on Sunday with a phone call between Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar and his Afghan counterpart. Both vowed to deepen bilateral cooperation in various fields. From exchanging fire only a few months ago over border disputes, the two sides have shown maturity in improving diplomatic relations and pledging to further cement ties. The sudden improvement in relations appears to be largely the work of Chinese diplomacy. The foreign ministers of the three states had met in Beijing last month as part of a trilateral dialogue. At this forum, the Chinese foreign minister had said that Pakistan and Afghanistan had "expressed … willingness to elevate diplomatic relations and … exchange ambassadors as soon as possible". The hopes raised in the Chinese capital have been realised with the appointment of ambassadors in Kabul and Islamabad. China was the first country to accept the credentials of the Afghan Taliban representative in Beijing in January 2024, though this step did not amount to a full recognition of the regime. Along with China, the UAE and Uzbekistan, Pakistan is the fourth state to have an ambassador in Kabul, while Russia has accepted the nomination of Afghanistan's envoy in Moscow. For China, maintaining ties with the Afghan Taliban is important for economic and security reasons. Beijing has multimillion-dollar investments in Afghanistan, and is also keen to cooperate in the security field to keep anti-China militants at bay. The Kabul regime, which remains largely isolated, knows that the road to international recognition runs through Beijing, while it is also keen to court Chinese investment. These developments favour Pakistan, as it can cooperate on many fronts with Kabul, chiefly in the realms of security and commerce. Perhaps working under the trilateral format with China can better address Pakistan's security concerns with Kabul — especially in view of the presence of anti-Pakistan terrorist groups on Afghan soil — and amplify the message this country has been conveying bilaterally. Pakistan, along with China and other regional states, should emphasise to Kabul that regional integration and commerce can only take off when Afghan soil has been cleansed of militant groups. Hopefully, upgraded diplomatic ties with Kabul will remove the irritants that stand in the way of greater cooperation. *Published in Dawn, June 3rd, 2025*