# *Detailed SUMMARY of the article "Need for dialogue" Editorial, Published in Dawn on June 6th, 2025:* The editorial discusses *Pakistan*'s recent diplomatic overtures toward *India* following dangerous escalation after *India*'s aggression against Pakistan last month. *Pakistani political leadership*, including *Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif*, has indicated readiness for dialogue in the interests of regional peace, with the potential role of the *United States* as an interlocutor between the two *South Asian nuclear powers*. *PM Shehbaz Sharif* praised *Donald Trump* as a "man for peace" for the *US president*'s role in defusing last month's hostilities, while *PPP head Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari*, currently leading a multiparty delegation in the US, stated it was "reasonable to expect" America to facilitate comprehensive dialogue between Pakistan and India. *Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar* observed that whenever India is ready for talks, Pakistan will be ready, though not "desperate". The editorial contrasts Pakistan's mature political leadership with the lack of similar statesmanship in *New Delhi*, where *bellicosity* and *jingoism* continue from those in responsible positions. *Indian officials* insist that any talks must only focus on 'terrorism', which the editorial argues may doom negotiations before they begin, suggesting all irritants should be covered. If India insists on discussing only terrorism, it should be prepared to hear about *malign actors connected to New Delhi* who have destabilized Pakistan through acts of terrorism. The editorial emphasizes the need for *Confidence Building Measures (CBMs)* from both sides, particularly India's full honoring of the *Indus Waters Treaty (IWT)*, which has survived wars and hostility for decades but faces threats from India's plans to hold it in 'abeyance' or torpedo it. The piece concludes that while emotions remain high after recent hostilities, responsible states should not be guided by emotions and both capitals must look to the future and restart dialogue, warning that continued mistrust and frozen ties may make the next conflict inevitable. # *Easy/Short SUMMARY*: *Pakistan*'s leadership shows readiness for dialogue with *India* after last month's escalation, with potential *US mediation* by *Trump*. *PM Shehbaz Sharif* and *Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari* support comprehensive talks, while *FM Ishaq Dar* confirms Pakistan's willingness. However, *New Delhi* continues *bellicose rhetoric* and wants talks limited to 'terrorism' only. The editorial emphasizes need for *Confidence Building Measures*, especially India honoring the *Indus Waters Treaty*, warning that continued mistrust may lead to future conflict. # *SOLUTIONS of The Problem*: ## *1. Initiate Comprehensive Dialogue* Begin talks covering all bilateral issues, not just terrorism, to address root causes of conflict. ## *2. Implement Confidence Building Measures* Both countries should take concrete steps to reduce tensions and build trust. ## *3. Honor Indus Waters Treaty* *India* must fully respect the *IWT* and abandon plans to hold it in abeyance. ## *4. Engage Third-Party Mediation* Utilize *US* or other international mediators to facilitate productive dialogue. ## *5. Reduce Bellicose Rhetoric* *Indian leadership* should tone down jingoistic statements and adopt mature statesmanship. ## *6. Address Terrorism Concerns Bilaterally* Both sides should discuss cross-border terrorism and state-sponsored activities openly. ## *7. Establish Regular Diplomatic Channels* Create consistent communication mechanisms between *Islamabad* and *New Delhi*. ## *8. Focus on Future Relations* Move beyond past hostilities and work toward peaceful coexistence. ## *9. Prevent Water Disputes* Ensure water rights are respected to avoid existential conflicts over resources. ## *10. Build Regional Peace Framework* Develop comprehensive peace architecture for *South Asian stability*. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article*: - *India*'s aggression against *Pakistan* occurred last month causing dangerous escalation. - *Donald Trump* played a role in defusing recent hostilities between the two countries. - *Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari* is currently leading a multiparty delegation in the *US*. - *Indus Waters Treaty* has survived wars and mutual hostility for decades. - Both countries are *South Asian nuclear powers*. - *Indian officials* want talks limited to terrorism discussions only. - Pakistan is ready for dialogue but not "desperate" according to *FM Ishaq Dar*. # *IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article*: - *Pakistan-India* relations have seen *4 wars* since *1947* (*Historical Records*, 2024). - *Indus Waters Treaty* was signed in *1960* and governs water sharing (*World Bank*, 2024). - *South Asia* has *1.9 billion people* affected by regional tensions (*UN*, 2023). - *Nuclear weapons* were acquired by Pakistan in *1998* and India in *1974* (*SIPRI*, 2024). - *Trade potential* between Pakistan-India estimated at *$37 billion* annually (*CII*, 2023). - *US mediation* in Indo-Pak conflicts has historical precedent since *1965* (*State Department*, 2024). # *MCQs from the Article*: ### 1. *Who did PM Shehbaz Sharif praise as a "man for peace"?* A. Joe Biden *B. Donald Trump* C. Modi D. UN Secretary General ### 2. *What treaty does the editorial emphasize India should honor?* A. Shimla Agreement *B. Indus Waters Treaty* C. Composite Dialogue D. SAARC Charter ### 3. *What does India want to limit dialogue discussions to?* A. Trade issues *B. Terrorism only* C. Water disputes D. Border demarcation ### 4. *Who is currently leading a multiparty delegation in the US?* A. Shehbaz Sharif *B. Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari* C. Ishaq Dar D. Imran Khan ### 5. *What does the editorial warn about continued mistrust?* A. Economic losses *B. Next conflict may be inevitable* C. International isolation D. Trade disruption # *VOCABULARY*: 1. *Interlocutor* (ثالث/بیچ میں بولنے والا) – Person who takes part in dialogue 2. *Bellicosity* (جنگ جوئی) – Aggressive or warlike behavior 3. *Jingoism* (انتہا پسند قوم پرستی) – Extreme patriotism with hostility toward other countries 4. *Conducive* (سازگار) – Making a situation likely or favorable 5. *Malign* (نقصان دہ) – Evil in nature or having harmful effect 6. *Abeyance* (التوا) – State of temporary suspension or inactivity 7. *Torpedo* (تباہ کرنا) – Destroy or ruin something deliberately 8. *Collision course* (ٹکراؤ کا راستہ) – Path leading to confrontation 9. *CBMs* (اعتماد سازی کے اقدامات) – Confidence Building Measures 10. *Irritants* (خلجان) – Things causing annoyance or anger 11. *Adamant* (ضدی) – Refusing to change opinion or course 12. *Statesmanship* (سیاست دانی) – Skilled diplomatic leadership 13. *Defusing* (کشیدگی کم کرنا) – Making situation less tense or dangerous 14. *Bilateral* (دو طرفہ) – Involving two parties or countries 15. *Escalation* (اضافہ) – Increase in intensity or seriousness 16. *Hostilities* (دشمنی) – Acts of warfare or aggression 17. *Rhetoric* (بیان بازی) – Language designed to persuade or impress 18. *Destabilising* (عدم استحکام) – Making unstable or insecure 19. *Capitals* (دارالحکومت) – Seat of government; here refers to Islamabad and New Delhi 20. *Aftermath* (نتیجہ) – Consequences or results of significant event 📢 *Attention Please!* We appreciate your commitment to acquiring knowledge through our summaries. Please be reminded not to remove the attribution label affixed to this article. It is crucial to acknowledge the source and the effort invested in creating this summary. We discourage any unauthorized distribution without proper credit. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. 🔍 ⚡ *Explore More Summaries, Solutions, and Vocabulary Meanings* 💡 Join our WhatsApp Channel for timely and comprehensive summaries of the latest articles, along with well-crafted solutions and helpful vocabulary meanings. Click the link below to join now 🔗 [Dawn Article Summaries](https://cssmcqs.com/dawn-editorials-articles-summary-for-students-pdf-download/) *WhatsApp Channel Link*: [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y](https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va7tT3o35fLnJeFbpS2y) --- *dawn.com* *Need for dialogue* *Editorial* *3–4 minutes* THE political leadership has lately been indicating that Pakistan is ready for dialogue with India in the interests of regional peace. Considering the dangerous escalation provoked by India's aggression against Pakistan last month, this is a wise course to pursue. The role of the US as a possible interlocutor between the two South Asian nuclear powers has been mentioned, though it remains to be seen how willing America would be to wade into Indo-Pak bilateral disputes. Speaking at the US embassy in Islamabad, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif hailed Donald Trump as a "man for peace" for the US president's role in defusing last month's hostilities. Similarly, PPP head Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari, who is currently leading a multiparty delegation in the US, said it was "reasonable to expect" America to facilitate a "comprehensive dialogue" between Pakistan and India. Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar has also observed that whenever India is ready for talks, "they will find us ready", though adding that Pakistan was not "desperate". Whether dialogue begins with US mediation or the involvement of some other third party, the goal should be for Islamabad and New Delhi to resolve their disputes at the negotiating table, and prevent another armed clash. Sadly, while Pakistan's political leadership is acting maturely on this count, similar statesmanship has not been witnessed in New Delhi. Much bellicosity and jingoism continue to be exhibited across the eastern border, including by those in responsible positions. Such rhetoric must go for there to be an atmosphere conducive to regional peace. Indian officials say that if there are talks, they must only be about 'terrorism'. Limiting the scope of dialogue may doom the talks even before they begin. Negotiations should cover all the irritants that stand in the way of better ties. And if India is adamant that only terrorism be discussed, then it should be prepared to hear about the role malign actors connected to New Delhi have played in destabilising Pakistan, including through acts of terrorism. To create a favourable atmosphere for talks, CBMs are needed from both sides. From Pakistan's perspective, the biggest CBM India can take at this point is to fully honour the Indus Waters Treaty. For decades this treaty has survived wars and mutual hostility. But if India continues to hold the IWT in 'abeyance' or plans to torpedo it, it would set both states on a collision course, as Pakistan cannot give up its water rights. True, emotions are still high in the aftermath of hostilities. But responsible states are not guided by emotions, and both capitals need to look to the future and restart dialogue. If mistrust continues to build up and ties remain frozen, the next conflict may only be a matter of time. *Published in Dawn, June 6th, 2025*