*TYPES OF HERNIA :-* 🔹 I. Based on Location 1. Inguinal Hernia (most common type) Indirect Inguinal Hernia: Through the deep inguinal ring; congenital Direct Inguinal Hernia: Through a weak spot in the abdominal wall; acquired 2. Femoral Hernia Below the inguinal ligament, more common in females 3. Umbilical Hernia Around the umbilicus; common in infants and obese adults 4. Epigastric Hernia Between the umbilicus and sternum (linea alba) 5. Incisional Hernia Through a previous surgical scar 6. Spigelian Hernia Along the semilunar line (lateral border of rectus abdominis) 7. Obturator Hernia Through obturator foramen; rare, seen in elderly thin women 8. Hiatal Hernia (Diaphragmatic) Sliding Hiatal Hernia: Gastroesophageal junction slides into thorax Paraesophageal Hernia: Fundus herniates beside the esophagus --- 🔹 II. Based on Etiology 1. Congenital Hernia Present since birth (e.g., indirect inguinal hernia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia) 2. Acquired Hernia Develops due to increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., direct inguinal, incisional) --- 🔹 III. Special Types 1. Richter’s Hernia Only part of the bowel wall protrudes 2. Maydl’s Hernia "W" shaped hernia: two loops of bowel inside the sac 3. Littre’s Hernia Contains a Meckel's diverticulum 4. Sliding Hernia One wall of the hernia sac is formed by a viscus (e.g., colon or bladder) --- 🔹 IV. Ayurveda Reference (Optional) In Ayurveda, Antra Vriddhi is the closest correlate to hernia. It is mainly discussed in: Kashyapa Samhita Sushruta Samhita (Nidana Sthana): Conditions resembling inguinal and scrotal swellings ---